Assessing the health status of farmed mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) through histological, microbiological and biomarker analyses

Matozzo, Valerio; Ercolini, Carlo; Serracca, Laura; Battistini, Roberta; Rossini, Irene; Granato, Giulia; Quaglieri, Elisabetta; Perolo, A.; Finos, Livio; Arcangeli, Giuseppe; Bertotto, Daniela; Radaelli, Giuseppe; Chollet, Bruno; Arzul, Isabelle; Quaglio, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.018

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…We detected MtrBTN2, a previously described transmissible cancer that originated in a M. trossulus host, but no other transmissible cancers have been found with our screening approach in the inspected area. The MtrBTN2 prevalences found in our study were consistent with DN prevalences previously reported in M. edulis (around 1%, for review see Carballal et al 2015, Muttray et al 2018) and M. galloprovincialis mussels (rarer and when detected <1%, for review see Carballal et al 2015, Matozzo et al 2018, but slightly lower than the prevalence of M. trossulus BTN found in Brittany (3.4%, Burioli et al 2019). It is likely that we missed very early stages of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…galloprovincialis (Figueras et al 1991, Villalba et al 1997, Carrasco et al 2008, Gombac et al 2013, Carella et al 2013, Matozzo et al 2018. Cancer cells are characterised by rounded, basophilic and polyploid cells with high nucleus to cell ratio (for review see Carballal et al 2015) and their presence is determined by histological observation, and cytology or flow cytometry of hemolymph (Benabdelmouna and Ledu 2016, Benabdelmouna et al 2018, Burioli et al 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe

Hammel

Simon

Arbiol

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Transmissible cancers are parasitic malignant cell lineages that acquired the ability to infect new hosts from the same species, or sometimes related species. First described in dogs and Tasmanian devils, transmissible cancers were later discovered in some marine bivalves affected by a leukemia-like disease. In Mytilus mussels, two lineages of Bivalve Transmissible Neoplasia (BTN), both emerged in a M. trossulus founder individual, have been described to date (MtrBTN1 and MtrBTN2). Here, we performed an extensive screening of genetic chimerism, a hallmark of transmissible cancer, by genotyping hundred SNPs of thousands of European Mytilus mussels. The genetic analysis allowed us to simultaneously obtain the genotype of hosts -M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis or hybrids- and the genotype of tumors of heavily infected individuals. In addition, a subset of individuals were systematically genotyped and analysed by histology in order to screen for possible non-transmissible cancers. We detected MtrBTN2 at low prevalence in M. edulis, and also in M. galloprovincialis and hybrids although at a much lower prevalence. No MtrBTN1 or new BTN were found but a few individuals with non-transmissible neoplasia were observed at a single polluted site on the same sampling date. We observed a diversity of MtrBTN2 genotypes that appeared more introgressed or more ancestral than MtrBTN1 and reference healthy M. trossulus individuals. The observed polymorphism is most likely due to somatic null alleles caused by structural variations or point mutations in primer-binding sites leading to enhanced detection of the host alleles. Despite low prevalence, two divergent sublineages, confirmed by mtCOI sequences, are co-spreading in the same geographic area, suggesting a complex diversification of MtrBTN2 since its emergence and host species shift.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe

Hammel

Simon

Arbiol

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The exposome complements the genome by providing a comprehensive description of the lifelong exposure history of an individual. On the one hand, the recent use of tissue and molecular biomarkers in mussels M. galloprovincialis has enabled us to distinguish coastal sites according to their pollution level (Carella et al, 2018; Matozzo et al, 2018). On the other, the application of ‘omics’ approaches has significantly improved knowledge about the interactions between the ostreid herpesvirus OsHV‐1 and the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Nguyen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Research Gaps and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality of marine mussels Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis: systematic literature review of risk factors and recommendations for future research

Lupo

Bougeard²,

Bihan

et al. 2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The aim of this study was to summarise the literature reporting the risk factors for mortality in the mussel species Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis in order to identify potential science-based solutions to prevent or mitigate mussel mortality outbreaks. We followed the PRISMA methodology: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The studied corpus of 91 publications (114 studies) was highly heterogeneous with respect to the methodological approaches used to define or estimate mussel mortality and the related putative risk factors. Results showed that the mortality risk of both mussel species M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis varied across the seasons, increased with an elevated seawater temperature above a thermal threshold of 20 and 24°C, respectively, decreased by protecting mussels from predation, and was associated with the presence of pathogens in M. edulis. For M. galloprovincialis, using mussel spat from the same area where the farming is carried out and farming them together with another mussel species appears to reduce the mortality risk. However, for M. edulis, this could be achieved by using pure crosses and in particular mussel spat having a selected genotype. For wild bed conservation, sand accumulation and anthropogenic sedimentation should be minimised. Our analysis showed that current approaches to this research topic are limited and are unlikely to yield actionable evidence to identify mussel mortality prevention or mitigation strategies. Therefore, recommendations are offered to increase the ability of future eco-epidemiological research to identify multiple exposures associated with mussel mortality, underpinned by standardised efforts and cooperative initiatives.

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“…Aquaculture is currently a necessary production activity to satisfy the consumption needs of the population while guaranteeing sustainable exploitation. Cultured species are susceptible to diseases that may have severe economic impacts, but unlike other bivalves, such as oysters (4), large-scale mortalities have not been reported in the field in the case of M. galloprovincialis (5)(6)(7). Mussels present a higher and more complex set of immune-related genes than other bivalves, which makes the molecular basis of their immune systems a topic of considerable interest (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Response of Mussel Gills After a Vibrio splendidus Infection Demonstrates Their Role in the Immune Response

et al. 2020

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Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) are filter feeder bivalves that are constantly in contact with a wide range of microorganisms, some of which are potentially pathogenic. How mussels recognize and respond to pathogens has not been fully elucidated to date; therefore, we investigated the immune mechanisms that these animals employ in response to a bacterial bath infection from the surrounding water, mimicking the response that mussels mount under natural conditions. After the bath infection, mussels were able to remove the bacteria from their bodies and from the water tank. Accordingly, antibacterial activity was detected in gill extracts, demonstrating that this tissue plays a central role in removing and clearing potential pathogens. A transcriptomic study performed after a bath infection with Vibrio splendidus identified a total of 1,156 differentially expressed genes. The expression levels of genes contributing to a number of biological processes, such as immune response activation pathways and their regulation with cytokines, cell recognition, adhesion and apoptosis, were significantly modulated after infection, suggesting that the gills play important roles in pathogen recognition, as well as being activators and regulators of the mussel innate immune response. In addition to RNA-seq analysis, long non-coding RNAs and their neighboring genes were also analyzed and exhibited modulation after the bacterial challenge. The response of gills against bath infection was compared with the findings of a previous transcriptomic study on hemocytes responding to systemic infection, demonstrating the different and specific functions of gills. The results of this study indicate that recognition processes occur in the gill, thereby activating the effector agents of the immune response to overcome bacterial infection.

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Assessing the health status of farmed mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) through histological, microbiological and biomarker analyses

Cited by 25 publications

References 83 publications

Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe

Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe

Mortality of marine mussels Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis: systematic literature review of risk factors and recommendations for future research

Transcriptomic Response of Mussel Gills After a Vibrio splendidus Infection Demonstrates Their Role in the Immune Response

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