Physical exercise, nutrition and hormones: three pillars to fight sarcopenia

Sgrò, Paolo; Sansone, Massimiliano; Sansone, Andrea; Sabatini, Stefania; Borrione, Paolo; Romanelli, Francesco; Luigi, Luigi Di

doi:10.1080/13685538.2018.1439004

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Many studies have shown that physical exercises, proper nutrition, and optimal hormonal homeostasis are the three pillars to fight or treat (pre)-sarcopenia [81,82]. Physical exercises should consist of resistance and endurance exercise Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults DOI: http://dx.doi.org /10.5772/intechopen.90052 training (50% resistance training and 50% endurance training).…”

Section: Increase Paraspinal Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They should be performed at least three times a week [83]. Resistance exercise training aims at improving muscle strength, muscle mass, and BMD and optimizing the hormonal milieu [81], whereas endurance exercise training targets at improving the cardiovascular function, increasing the insulin sensitivity and the anti-inflammatory The man aged 73 years of age complained of right anterior thigh pain with intermittent claudication. The lumbar radiograph and MRI (a) showed a right thoracolumbar scoliosis (b) with a reduction in thoracolumbar lordosis (c) and mild sagittal imbalance.…”

Section: Increase Paraspinal Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(d) Despite that the patient was non-compliant and wore the brace only at home for 4 hours daily, the brace treatment increased the walking distance from 10 minutes to around 30 minutes. effects, as well as maintaining the endocrine milieu [81,83]. Thus patients with DLS should also be encouraged to take up a regular exercise program.…”

Section: Increase Paraspinal Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients should take 25-30 g of protein with essential amino acids daily [82]. Supplements should include long-chain omega 3 fatty acids and antioxidants (e.g., polyphenols such as hydroxytyrosol, resveratrol, epigallocatechin 3 gallate, curcumin, quercetin) and vitamin D [81,84]. Ideally, vitamin D should be dosed to attain a serum level of 30 ng/L [82].…”

Section: Increase Paraspinal Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservative Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis

Ng¹

2021

Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults

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Degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) is commonly seen in people over the age of 50 years. The prevalence increases with age. Patients with DLS often complain of low back pain and radiculopathy. Neurological complaints are rare. Current treatments are generally targeted at pain relief. Effects are temporary; this is understandable as the spinal deformities which are the cause of the pain are not addressed. A few studies have shown that scoliosis specific exercises and lordotic bracing stabilize or reduce the rate of curve progression in patients with DLS. Patients should also be instructed in performing corrective movements in daily activities. In the presence of sarcopenia or decreased bone mineral density (BMD), resistance exercises and nutritional supplements should also be prescribed, as reduction in paraspinal muscle mass and BMD are risk factors of DLS. In the presence of neurological involvement or when the symptoms are refractory to conservative treatment, referral for surgery is required.

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Section: Increase Paraspinal Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increase Paraspinal Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increase Paraspinal Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increase Paraspinal Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Conservative Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis

Ng¹

2021

Spinal Deformities in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults

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“…Even though this requires further validation, it highlights the importance of careful graft selection in patients with sarcopenia or the need to re-evaluate graft choice after a period of nutritional optimisation. [62][63][64][65]. Even though it's a hugely neglected area in LT, incorporation of behavioural/ psychological therapies alongside nutrition and exercise advice, are likely to be key in motivating the patient, overcoming their own personal/social barriers and maximising healthcare engagement.…”

Section: Impact Of Sarcopenia In Ltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia in Liver Transplantation: an Update

Dhaliwal

Williams

El‐Sherif

et al. 2020

Curr Hepatology Rep

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Purpose of Review Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) are at high risk of sarcopenia and associated physical frailty. This review summarises advances in our knowledge of the definition, assessment, clinical implications and management of sarcopenia in LT. Recent Findings Sarcopenia is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, physical disability and poor quality of life both before and after LT. Assessment tools have evolved from solely relying on imaging (i.e. muscle area only) to reproducible measures of function and physical performance status (i.e. liver frailty index). The multi-faceted management of sarcopenia is heavily reliant on nutrition (protein > 1.5 g/kg/day) and exercise (combined aerobic and resistance) advice. Summary There is an increased awareness of the clinical implications, assessment tools and management for patients with sarcopenia awaiting LT. Future studies need to investigate the role of specific nutritional supplements, pharmaco-/ behavioural therapy and the long-term outcomes (e.g. survival) of reversing sarcopenia in this patient population.

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Effects of hormonal changes on sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: where are we now and what can we do?

Güngör

Ulu

Hasbal

et al. 2021

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Sarcopenia or muscle wasting is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder involving the accelerated loss of muscle mass and function, often associated with muscle weakness (dynapenia) and frailty. Whereas primary sarcopenia is related to ageing, secondary sarcopenia happens independent of age in the context of chronic disease states such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sarcopenia has become a major focus of research and public policy debate due to its impact on patient's health‐related quality of life, health‐care expenditure, morbidity, and mortality. The development of sarcopenia in patients with CKD is multifactorial and it may occur independently of weight loss or cachexia including under obese sarcopenia. Hormonal imbalances can facilitate the development of sarcopenia in the general population and is a common finding in CKD. Hormones that may influence the development of sarcopenia are testosterone, growth hormone, insulin, thyroid hormones, and vitamin D. Although the relationship between free testosterone level that is low in uraemic patients and sarcopenia in CKD is not well‐defined, functional improvement may be seen. Unlike testosterone, it is known that vitamin D is associated with muscle strength, muscle size, and physical performance in patients with CKD. Outcomes after vitamin D replacement therapy are still controversial. The half‐life of growth hormone (GH) is prolonged in patients with CKD. Besides, IGF‐1 levels are normal in patients with Stage 4 CKD—a minimal reduction is seen in the end‐stage renal disease. Unresponsiveness or resistance of IGF‐1 and changes in the GH/IGF‐1 axis are the main causes of sarcopenia in CKD. Low serum T3 level is frequent in CKD, but the net effect on sarcopenia is not well‐studied. CKD patients develop insulin resistance (IR) from the earliest period even before GFR decline begins. IR reduces glucose utilization as an energy source by hepatic gluconeogenesis, decreasing muscle glucose uptake, impairing intracellular glucose metabolism. This cascade results in muscle protein breakdown. IR and sarcopenia might also be a new pathway for targeting. Ghrelin, oestrogen, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone may be other players in the setting of sarcopenia. In this review, we mainly examine the effects of hormonal changes on the occurrence of sarcopenia in patients with CKD via the available data.

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Physical exercise, nutrition and hormones: three pillars to fight sarcopenia

Abstract: Optimization of these factors may increase their efficiency; however, scientific data may be sometimes confusing so far. Therefore, we aim to give practical advices to clinician to identify and to highlight the most important aspects in each of these three factors that should be addressed.

Cited by 33 publications

References 137 publications

Conservative Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis

Conservative Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis

Sarcopenia in Liver Transplantation: an Update

Effects of hormonal changes on sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: where are we now and what can we do?

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