Comprehensive approach to the validation of the standard method for total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis of water

Borgese, Laura; Dalipi, Rogerta; Riboldi, Alessandro; Bilo, Fabjola; Zacco, Annalisa; Federici, Stefania; Bettinelli, M.; Bontempi, Elza; Depero, Laura E.

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.087

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In these experimental conditions, P, S and Cl are low Z elements such as P, S and Cl that are underestimated [31]. For this reason, the quantification of these elements was corrected using the calculated relative sensitivities for P and S obtained by the calibration curves [32].…”

Section: Preparation Of Composite Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Circular Economy Virtuous Example—Use of a Stabilized Waste Material Instead of Calcite to Produce Sustainable Composites

et al. 2020

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This work reports and analyzes the mechanical properties of some composites obtained using stabilized waste with epoxy resins E-227. For comparison, correspondent composite samples were realized using calcite as a filler. The recovered stabilized waste was obtained by means of a new method to stabilize municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA), based on the use of bottom ash (BA). The aim of this paper is to show that the stabilization process, which can be considered a zero—waste treatment, produces inert materials, that can be reused as a filler. The production of new filler was made on a pilot plant, designed to verify the transferability of the proposed stabilization technology. Mechanical analysis revealed that flexural modulus raises by increasing the filler content around 30% wt, independently of filler type, stabilized sample or calcium carbonate. Mechanical properties are lower in the samples with the high amount of filler due to the crowding effect. The morphology of composite materials showed a non-homogeneous dispersion of particles in stabilized sample filler, characterized by large particle agglomerates. Finally, according to the ESCAPE simplified method, the obtained composites result more sustainable in comparison with the corresponding ones produced by using natural resources (like calcite). These findings open new possibilities for the reuse of the stabilized material, in frame of circular economy principles, with environmental and economic advantages.

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Section: Preparation Of Composite Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Circular Economy Virtuous Example—Use of a Stabilized Waste Material Instead of Calcite to Produce Sustainable Composites

et al. 2020

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“…A volume of 10 µl was deposed on the quartz sample carrier and dried at 50 • C on the heating plate. Three independent specimens were prepared for each sample and measured for 600 s [32].…”

Section: Leaching Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Size Effect in Elution Test of Electric Arc Furnace Slag

et al. 2020

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In this paper we discuss the effects of deslagging practices and the size of electric arc furnace (EAF) slags on structural, microstructural, composition and leaching tests. The samples were collected from seven steelmakers located in Brescia (Lombardy Region, Italy). Nine granularity fractions of four samples were tested to evaluate the influence of the granularity on the leaching tests. The results showed that, in general, the release of the elements arises when the size of the particle decreases, except in one sample, in which vanadium and zinc displayed the opposite trend. X-ray diffraction results suggest that behavior may be ascribed to the effect of the grinding, which causes a different percentage of the phases in the various fractions. In conclusion, the possible effects of the size should also be carefully considered when defining new leaching test requirements for EAF slags.Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 477 2 of 10 as concrete aggregates and bituminous mixtures (see for example [8,[10][11][12]). Indeed, it was shown that aggregates containing EAF slags have excellent physical and chemical characteristics, and thus can be used in cement-treated materials [13]. EAF slags are also used in wastewater treatment [14][15][16], CO 2 sequestration [17], agriculture fertilizer or remedy for soil acidity [18], and reinforcing filler for composite materials [19,20]. The recycling of steel slag may be restricted because of the presence of potentially toxic elements-like Cr, V, Ba and Mo [21]-and leaching tests are mandatory to verify the release of toxic elements in the water [22]. In particular, toxic metal ions can accumulate in the human body and in the environment. A number of studies have been reported to detect and absorb these metals ions [23][24][25], and different standards and regulations have been adopted to check the possible leaching of the materials. EN 12457:2004 is the adopted standard in Europe and is constituted by four parts, in which different grain sizes and the Liquid/Solid (L/S) ratio are considered. Indeed, the grinding procedure leads to the formation of a variable amount of dust and small particle size that can significantly affect the results [26]. Moreover, the slag chemical composition and phases are also relevant.Literature reports the effects of slagging procedures on the chemical, mineralogical, morphological structure and leaching [22,27]. The optimization and control of slag composition during the steelmaking process is very difficult because of different factors, as reviewed by Luz et al. [9]. The leaching behavior of aged steel slags has also been reported by Engström et al. [28]. Gelfi et al. [29] showed the effect of rapid cooling on the microstructure of slags and the formation of amorphous slag, determining a low release of Cr in the leaching tests. The release of Ba, V, and Cr have also been related to the presence of a large amount of hydraulic phases, and the addition of SiO 2 during the slagging operation has been suggested [21,30] to promote the formation of gehlenite. Cirilli a...

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“…In Table , the LOD of the elements are also added that may be revealed with the present method, and calculated using formula .

italicLOD = 3 * \frac{C_{i}}{N_{net}} * \sqrt{2 N_{back}}

where C i is the concentration of a given analyte and N net and N back are the net area and the background area of the analyte, respectively . Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of the following elements: P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Br.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct analysis of essential oils by means of TXRF spectrometry

et al. 2019

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Direct analysis of essential oil has been performed for estimation of the elemental content in five different extracted essential oils from the leaves of different plants, namely, Mentha longifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ocimum basilicum, Elletaria cardamomum, and Lavandula hybrida. A benchtop total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with a maximum power of 40 W was used for this purpose. Fourteen elements have been quantified in most of the extracted essential oil samples, and their limits of detection were determined. The detected elements are P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Ni, and Hf. The validity of the present method was demonstrated using a standard reference material of organometallic oil sample. Two extraction methods of essential oils from leaves of the mentioned plants are evaluated, namely, classical hydro-distillation and microwave-assisted hydro-distillation. The quantitative elemental analysis of the extracted essential oils using the two extracted methods was studied and compared.

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Comprehensive approach to the validation of the standard method for total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis of water

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

A Circular Economy Virtuous Example—Use of a Stabilized Waste Material Instead of Calcite to Produce Sustainable Composites

A Circular Economy Virtuous Example—Use of a Stabilized Waste Material Instead of Calcite to Produce Sustainable Composites

Grain Size Effect in Elution Test of Electric Arc Furnace Slag

Direct analysis of essential oils by means of TXRF spectrometry

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