In-depth investigation on physicochemical and thermal properties of magnesium (II) gluconate using spectroscopic and thermoanalytical techniques

Abstract

Magnesium gluconate is a classical organometallic pharmaceutical compound used for the prevention and treatment of hypomagnesemia as a source of magnesium ion. The present research described the in-depth study on solid state properties viz. physicochemical and thermal properties of magnesium gluconate using sophisticated analytical techniques like PXRD, PSA, FT-IR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, TGA/DTG, and DSC. Magnesium gluconate was found to be crystalline in nature along with the crystallite size ranging from 14.10 to 47.35 nm. The particle size distribution was at d(0.1)=6.552 µm, d(0.5)=38.299 µm, d(0.9)=173.712 µm and D(4,3)=67.122 µm along with the specific surface area of 0.372 m2/g. The wavelength for the maximum absorbance was at 198.0 nm. Magnesium gluconate exhibited 88.51% weight loss with three stages of thermal degradation process up to 895.18 °C from room temperature. The TGA/DTG thermograms of the analyte indicated that magnesium gluconate was thermally stable up to around 165 °C. Consequently, the melting temperature of magnesium gluconate was found to be 169.90 °C along with the enthalpy of fusion of 308.7 J/g. Thus, the authors conclude that the achieved results from this study are very useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for the identification, characterization and qualitative analysis of magnesium gluconate for preformulation studies and also for developing magnesium gluconate based novel formulation.

Solid and liquid state characterization of tetrahydrocurcumin using XRPD, FT-IR, DSC, TGA, LC-MS, GC-MS, and NMR and its biological activities

“…The FT-IR spectrum of THC was recorded on spectrum ES (PerkinElmer, USA) FT-IR spectrometer with the frequency range of 400–4000 cm -1 at a resolution of 4 by mixing THC with potassium bromide (KBr) [ 16 ].…”

“…The UV–Vis spectral analysis of THC was performed using a Shimadzu UV-2400PC SERIES with UV Probe, Japan, using 1 cm quartz cell that has a slit width of 0.5 nm. The wavelength range used for recording the spectrum was 190–800 nm [ 16 ].…”

“…The ratio of Kα-2 and Kα-1 in this instrument was 0.5 (k, equipment constant). The data were collected in the form of a chart of the Bragg angle (2 θ ) vs. intensity (counts per second), and a detailed table containing information on peak intensity counts, d value (Å), relative intensity (%), full width half maximum (FWHM) (°2θ), area (cts∗°2θ) using X’pert data collector and X’pert high score plus processing software [ 16 ].…”

“…D(4,3) represents the average mass-volume diameter, and SSA is the specific surface area (m 2 /kg). The calculations were done by using software Mastersizer V3.50 [ 16 ].…”

“…The DSC thermogram of THC was achieved in a DSC Q2000 differential scanning calorimeter, USA, under a dynamic nitrogen atmosphere with a flow rate of 50 mL/min with a sample mass of 2.72 mg using aluminum pan at a heating rate of 10 °C/min from 30 °C to 400 °C [ 16 ].…”