Early-Life Intestine Microbiota and Lung Health in Children

Ranucci, Giusy; Buccigrossi, Vittoria; Freitas, Maiara Brusco de; Guarino, Alfredo; Giannattasio, Antonietta

doi:10.1155/2017/8450496

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The gut microbiome in infancy is influenced by the braingut axis and maternal and neonatal factors, including prenatal colonization, mode of delivery, antibiotics, feeding patterns, infection, and environmental exposure (family vs. NICU). 25 The varying degrees of gut dysbiosis in our patients may be due to differences in disease severity, antibiotic therapy in early life, and feeding type or amount. In this study, the results of correlation analysis suggested that patients with a higher NTISS score and those who required more supplemental oxygen therapy were associated with a higher risk of having a high proportion of AE with FA bacteria, possibly due to the suitable growth of AE and FA bacteria or the inhibition of anaerobic bacteria colonization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In general, colonization of the gut microbiota is established between the ages of 1 and 3 years. 25 Previous research has indicated that Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes are the four major phyla in the full-term neonatal intestine. 26 According to our preliminary analysis of gut flora, these four bacteria phyla were also the dominant intestinal microflora in our patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Gut Microbiota Changes in Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Pilot Case–Control Study

2020

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Objective Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex chronic lung disease that primarily affects premature or critically ill infants. This pilot study investigated early changes in gut microbiota composition in BPD patients and explored the potential risk factors associated with these changes. Study Design Preterm infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit with a gestational age of 26 to 32 weeks were prospectively surveyed and eligible for stool collection on days 7 and 28 of postnatal age between February 2016 and June 2017. A 16S rRNA sequencing approach was applied to compare the gut microbiota composition between the BPD group and controls. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictor variables. Results Eight subjects in the BPD group and 10 subjects in the preterm group were analyzed during the observation period. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were the four dominant bacteria phyla of intestinal microflora. A significantly lower diversity of gut microbiota was observed in the BPD group compared with the preterm group on day 28 (number of observed operational taxonomic units, p = 0.034; abundance-based coverage estimator, p = 0.022; Shannon index, p = 0.028). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that high Neonatal Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System score (≧19) at 24 hours was statistically significant in predicting the proportion of aerobic with facultative anaerobic bacteria on day 28 (p = 0.002). Conclusion Infants with BPD are prone to develop gut dysbiosis in early life. A higher severity of illness and treatment intensity may indicate a higher risk of disrupting an anaerobic environment in the gut during the first month of life. Key Points

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Gut Microbiota Changes in Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Pilot Case–Control Study

2020

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“…3,5 By altering the presumed unstable intestinal microecology of newborns, antibiotic administration can modify the host immune responses to allergens, with subsequent asthma development as one of the negative outcomes. 17,18 Antibioticinduced early intestinal dysbiosis has been associated with greater probability of early asthma development and may lead to persistent infection. 19,20 Varon et al 21 assessed the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the nasopharynx of infants with respiratory tract infections before and after antibiotic treatment.…”

Section: Antibiotic Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 The neonatal period is a decisive time for the development of the immune system that has a lifelong impact on an individual's health. 18 Notably, the presence of favorable microbes such as Bifidobacterium longum is associated with decreased prevalence of asthma. 18 Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by the gut microbes can also influence the fate of respiratory conditions.…”

Section: Relationship Between Lung Microbiome and Intestinal Microecomentioning

confidence: 99%

The lung microbiome in neonates

et al. 2019

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Despite the advent of culture-independent techniques to identify members of the microbiome, studies focusing on the lung microbiome of neonates are scarce. Understanding the role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of pulmonary conditions affecting newborns could lead to the initiation of pioneering therapeutic interventions, which could potentially prevent lifelong disability. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has been associated with a less diverse microbiome, presence of Ureaplasma species and reduced Lactobacillus detection. Additionally, the potential role of microbial dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of asthma, cystic fibrosis and pneumonia has been described. There has also been a surge of interest in attempting to elucidate the interactions between the airway and gut microbiomes and their bearings on respiratory health and diseases to eventually broaden the scope of therapeutic interventions.

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“…Finally, most studies agree on recognizing dysbiosis as a risk factor associated with many pediatric diseases [21]. Lower microbial diversity in early infancy seems to lead the way for the development of allergic manifestations as asthma [22,23].…”

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confidence: 99%