The lung microbiome in neonates

Abstract

Despite the advent of culture-independent techniques to identify members of the microbiome, studies focusing on the lung microbiome of neonates are scarce. Understanding the role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of pulmonary conditions affecting newborns could lead to the initiation of pioneering therapeutic interventions, which could potentially prevent lifelong disability. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has been associated with a less diverse microbiome, presence of Ureaplasma species and reduced Lactobacillus detection. Additionally, the potential role of microbial dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of asthma, cystic fibrosis and pneumonia has been described. There has also been a surge of interest in attempting to elucidate the interactions between the airway and gut microbiomes and their bearings on respiratory health and diseases to eventually broaden the scope of therapeutic interventions.

Tracheal Aspirate miRNA Signatures in Preterm Infants with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

“…Third, given that we studied preterm neonates of different developmental trajectories, it is possible that the differences we noted in the miRNA expression may reflect changes in cell populations present in the TA [79,80]. Lastly, it is becoming evident in recent studies that the microbiota in TAs can affect miRNA expression [81,82]. Because pulmonary inflammation secondary to perinatal and postnatal infection has been implicated as a key contributor in the pathogenesis of BPD, changes in the TA microbiome may be reflected in the observed miRNA signatures.…”

Targeted Development of Infant Microbiota on Formula Feeding: Modern Options

“…Кишечная микробиота младенца неразрывно связана с микрофлорой и других органов, в частности с микро-биомом дыхательных путей, особенно при тяжелых перинатальных заболеваниях у недоношенных детей. Так, при развитии бронхолегочной дисплазии описано снижение разнообразия микробиома респираторного тракта и сокращение уровня лактобацилл, что связывают с риском отсроченного формирования бронхиальной астмы, поэтому направленная коррекция микробиома младенца может позволить осуществить полисистемный саногенетический эффект [16].…”