Bone regeneration using a porcine bone substitute collagen composite in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

The biocharacteristics of xenogeneic grafts make them a possible substitute for autogenous bone grafts in dental bone graft procedures. This study aimed to develop a novel porcine graft with collagen capable of generating new bone in bone defects via osteoconduction over 8 weeks of healing and to compare it with a porcine graft. The porcine collagen graft was made to undergo a cell viability test (MTT) and alkaline phosphatase assay (ALP). The surgical procedure was performed in 20 male adult New Zealand white rabbits. Four calvarial critical-size defects of 6 mm in diameter were prepared in each rabbit. The upper left defect was filled with a porcine graft of 500–1000 μm, the upper right with a porcine collagen graft, the lower left with hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate and the lower right served as the control without any filling material. The rabbits were divided and sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after surgery. Histological and micro-CT scan results showed that the performance of the porcine collagen graft is superior for regenerating new bone. Porcine collagen graft showed cell viability and osteoblast-like cell differentiation in vitro. The results indicate that porcine collagen graft is a potential bone substitute for clinical application.

A Radiological Approach to Evaluate Bone Graft Integration in Reconstructive Surgeries

“…Moreover, ideal scaffolds, together with biocompatibility, osteocompatibility, osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and neovasculogenic profile [17] should be resorbed or replaced once new bone has formed and they are no longer needed [14]. Apart from bone grafts, other resorbable scaffold constructs are generally composed of a collagen matrix [18], hyaluronan [19], and polymer-based [20,21] materials. If properly formulated [22], they also ensure, together with resorption profile that can be tailored to desired timeframe [23,24], adequate mechanical support [11,16,25] and promoted interactions between growth factors and progenitor cells allowing their proliferation and differentiation into various types [26,27].…”

Porcine Collagen–Bone Composite Induced Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Regeneration In Vitro and In Vivo

“…All animal experiments were approved by the Taipei Medical University animal ethics committee and performed following the laboratory animal center guidelines using a protocol previously described by the same laboratory [7,20]. Twenty adult male New Zealand white rabbits (mean age: 12 weeks, mean weight 3.2 kg) were housed in cages at 19 • C and 55% humidity and fed standard rabbit chow and water ad libitum.…”

Argon Plasma Surface Modified Porcine Bone Substitute Improved Osteoblast-Like Cell Behavior

“…In the present study, PGPT produced superior results compared to the porcine control. Therefore, depending on clinical needs, PGPT can potentially be put to use in daily clinical practice [11,13]. Further studies are needed to achieve a better understanding of low-temperature plasma treatment over porcine particles for bone regeneration.…”

“…Nowadays, porcine bone is considered to most closely resemble human bone in terms of their macrostructure and microstructure [11], chemical composition, and remodeling rate [12]. Porcine grafts are also abundant, making it an excellent candidate bone graft material for reconstructing osseous defects [13]. To improve the performance of the porcine bone graft material, various attempts have been made in order to modify the graft material.…”