Violência em transporte público: uma abordagem baseada em análise espacial

Abstract

OBJECTIVETo carry out a spatial analysis of the occurrence of acts of violence (specifically robberies) in public transportation, identifying the regions of greater incidence, using geostatistics, and possible causes with the aid of a multicriteria analysis in the Geographic Information System.METHODSThe unit of analysis is the traffic analysis zone of the survey named Origem-Destino, carried out in Salvador, state of Bahia, in 2013. The robberies recorded by the Department of Public Security of Bahia in 2013 were located and made compatible with the limits of the traffic analysis zones and, later, associated with the respective centroids. After determining the regions with the highest probability of robbery, we carried out a geographic analysis of the possible causes in the region with the highest robbery potential, considering the factors analyzed using a multicriteria analysis in a Geographic Information System environment.RESULTSThe execution of the two steps of this study allowed us to identify areas corresponding to the greater probability of occurrence of robberies in public transportation. In addition, the three most vulnerable road sections (Estrada da Liberdade, Rua Pero Vaz, and Avenida General San Martin) were identified in these areas. In these sections, the factors that most contribute with the potential for robbery in buses are: F1 - proximity to places that facilitate escape, F3 - great movement of persons, and F2 - absence of policing, respectively.CONCLUSIONSIndicator Kriging (geostatistical estimation) can be used to construct a spatial probability surface, which can be a useful tool for the implementation of public policies. The multicriteria analysis in the Geographic Information System environment allowed us to understand the spatial factors related to the phenomenon under analysis.

Exploring the Resilience of Public Transport Trips in the Face of Urban Violence from a Gender Perspective

“…The transportation networks and land use patterns of the urban context determine the opportunity structure of places by directing offenders, targets, and guardians to specific locations at particular times [36]. When addressing violence in public bus transport, the issue of crime corresponds to the realm of public security, alongside other problems, like theft, harassment, and social and political violence [37]. The crime pattern theory proposed by Brantingham and Brantingham [38] suggests that criminal activities will cluster around nodes (the locations from and to which individuals travel), along routes (the routes individuals take to reach several nodes), and at the boundaries of both nodes and routes (edges).…”

Relações Pessoa-Cidade: Mobilidade Urbana e Qualidade de Vida em Porto Alegre (RS)

“…Tendo em vista que os meios de transporte representam parte relevante do contato diário da população com o ambiente, enquanto mediadores de diversos dos comportamentos fora da residência, é importante pontuar fatores sociais envolvidos no processo de escolha e utilização dos modais de transporte. Os altos níveis de violência que acompanham o crescimento das cidades são importantes influências para a escolha de meios motorizados individuais de transporte, pois são mais protegidos e se adaptam às necessidades particulares do indivíduo (Sousa, Pitombo, Rocha, Salgueiro, & Delgado, 2017). Por sua vez, o afastamento físico fomenta o medo do contato com o que é diferente de si e, por isso, gera evitação dos espaços coletivos (Andrade, Jayme, & Almeida, 2009).…”

“…O questionário de avaliação objetiva da cidade de residência teve suas bases na literatura (Lima & Bomfim, 2009;Raymond, Brown, & Weber, 2010;Soares & Oliveira, 2017;Sousa et al, 2017;Xion & Zhang, 2016); é composto de 12 itens de avaliação pessoal de aspectos estruturais da cidade (beleza da cidade, facilidade de locomoção e de acesso a diferentes regiões da cidade, boa disponibilidade de meios de transporte, estabelecimentos comerciais, de locais para alimentação e de serviços, percepção da estrutura física da cidade, arborização da cidade, percepção do trânsito, qualidade do ar, percepção de violência urbana), respondidos em escala de 5 pontos, variando de 1 -discordo totalmente -a 5 -concordo totalmente.…”

Protagonism of Adolescents in Planning Actions to Prevent Sexual Violence

“…24 Showing the family's routine in the virtual environment proved to be a risky environment for sexual violence, leaving young people in vulnerable situations by using the internet as a strategy for self-affirmation. [25][26] It is noticeable the importance of parents in maintaining a healthy and close relationship with their children, including education and supervision in the use of social networks and exposure of images that may compromise the lives of these adolescents.…”