Placental structure and function in different breeds in horses

Robles, Morgane; Peugnet, Pauline; Valentino, Sarah; Dubois, Cédric; Dahirel, Michèle; Aubrière, Marie-Christine; Reigner, Fabrice; Serteyn, Didier; Wimel, Laurence; Tarrade, Anne; Chavatte‐Palmer, Pascale

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.007

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, foal birth weight in relation to placental weight was highest in the full-size breed foals and did not differ between foals of small and medium-size mares. The findings are in agreement with results from a previous study [22]. Because pony mares have a smaller placenta in relation to their size and body weight than mares of larger horse breeds, there may have been an evolutionary need to enhance placental efficiency by increased development of microcotyledonary blood vessels in order to ensure the birth of mature foals [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The findings are in agreement with results from a previous study [22]. Because pony mares have a smaller placenta in relation to their size and body weight than mares of larger horse breeds, there may have been an evolutionary need to enhance placental efficiency by increased development of microcotyledonary blood vessels in order to ensure the birth of mature foals [22]. Small mares released their placenta earlier after birth than medium and full-size mares.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In agreement with previous studies [19,20], in all three groups, foal weight was approximately 10% of body weight of their dams. Maternal weight and foal birth weight are positively correlated with the mass and gross area of the allantochorion [20][21][22]. In the present study, relative placental weight did not differ between small (Shetland) and medium-size horses (Haflinger) but was higher in the full-size horses (Warmblood).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…In agreement with a higher relative placental weight in full-size compared to medium-size and small mares, plasma progestin concentrations were also the highest in pregnancies of full-size horses. Although placental efficiency may be to some extent higher in pony breeds [22], progestin synthesis and release appear to depend more on placental size. Compared to mares, progestin concentration was elevated in foals between 30 and 60 min after birth but has been reported previously to decrease markedly during the first hours of life [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Differences in Endocrine and Cardiac Changes in Mares and Her Fetus before, during, and after Parturition in Horses of Different Size

Nagel¹,

Melchert

Aurich

et al. 2020

Animals

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Equine fetomaternal monitoring is based on endocrine and cardiac parameters which may differ among small, medium-size, and full-size horses. Therefore, Shetland (n = 6), Haflinger (n = 8), and Warmblood pregnancies (n = 9) were studied during late gestation and at foaling. Weight of mares, foals and placenta, plasma progestin and cortisol concentration, heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) were determined. Foal weight always approximated 10% of mare weight but relative placenta weight was highest in full-size mares (p < 0.05). Progestin (p < 0.001) and cortisol (p < 0.05) concentration was highest in full-size mares. Progestin concentration decreased towards parturition (p < 0.001) while cortisol concentration increased (p < 0.01). Maternal heart rate increased before foaling with the most pronounced increase in small mares (p < 0.001). The HRV increased during foaling and decreased when delivery was completed (p < 0.001). Changes were most pronounced in full-size mares (p < 0.001). Atrio-ventricular blocks regularly occurred in parturient full-size mares but only occasionally in medium-size and small mares (time p < 0.05, time × group p < 0.05). This may reflect breed differences in cardiovascular efficiency. Fetal heart rate decreased towards birth (p < 0.001) with the most pronounced decrease in full-size horses (p < 0.01). Fetal HRV showed no consistent changes before birth but increased when the foal was born (p < 0.001), this increase being most pronounced in full-size foals (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates both similarities and differences in peripartum endocrine and cardiac changes in horses of different size.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Differences in Endocrine and Cardiac Changes in Mares and Her Fetus before, during, and after Parturition in Horses of Different Size

Nagel¹,

Melchert

Aurich

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…The authors hypothesized that with increasing age there is a progressive degenerative change in the endometrium that might potentially reduce its nutritive capacity for the development of the fetus [31,[37][38]. Recent studies confirmed that primiparous mares produce smaller foals compared to multiparous [39,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A regression model including fetal orbit measurements to predict parturition in Standardbred mares with normal pregnancy

et al. 2019

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In the mare, foaling is a critical unpredictable event due to a wide range of gestational length and the absence of clear signs of impending parturition. To predict foaling, pH, inversion sodium potassium and increase of calcium concentration in mammary secretions are used. The aim of this study was to find how many days are left until parturition knowing mare's age (A) and parity (P) combined with ultrasonographic measurements of the fetal orbit in Standardbred mares with normal pregnancy. Eighty healthy Standardbred mares with normal pregnancy were hospitalized for attended delivery. Information about mare's age, parity and breeding date were recorded at admission. Transrectal ultrasonography were routinely performed at admission and every 10 days until parturition using a B-mode real time portable unit equipped with a 5-7.5 MHz linear transducer. The images of the fetal orbit were acquired when cornea, anterior and posterior chamber, vitreous body, lens and optic nerve were visible. Longitudinal diameter (LD) was considered as the distance between the two ocular poles, within the vitreous body; transverse diameter (TD), perpendicular to LD and bisecting the lens, was measured as the distance between cornea and retina. At delivery, length of pregnancy and gestational age at each exam were registered. For each ultrasound examination, days before parturition (DBP) were calculated. Seventy-eight Standardbred mares with normal pregnancies were included in the study. Mares' mean age was 9 ± 5 years old (range 4-20 years) and mean gestation length was 341 ± 7 days (range 327-366 days). Thirty-three mares were primiparous and 45 mares were multiparous. Data were analyzed using a regression tree: P, A, LD and TD were used as covariates. DBP was used as the variable of interest. Nine terminal nodes were identified based on the selected covariates. The first split is produced by the TD: fetuses with TD greater or equal than 2.97 cm are further split according to LD, with a threshold of 3.28 cm. The next split is dictated by A; after a further split on LD, the first terminal node is built, containing 34 fetuses with average DBP equal to 10 days. If the A is ≥ 9.5 years a further split is on P: when mares are multiparous, the TD built two different nodes. Since prediction of mare's foaling date is an important factor in stud farm management, the regression model developed may help the veterinarian to estimate the DBP in Standardbred mares with normal pregnancy.

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Nulliparous and primiparous cows produce less fertile female offspring with lesser concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as compared with multiparous cows

Akbarinejad

Gharagozlou

Vojgani

et al. 2018

Animal Reproduction Science

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Placental structure and function in different breeds in horses

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Differences in Endocrine and Cardiac Changes in Mares and Her Fetus before, during, and after Parturition in Horses of Different Size

Differences in Endocrine and Cardiac Changes in Mares and Her Fetus before, during, and after Parturition in Horses of Different Size

A regression model including fetal orbit measurements to predict parturition in Standardbred mares with normal pregnancy

Nulliparous and primiparous cows produce less fertile female offspring with lesser concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as compared with multiparous cows

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