Zika virus infection in travelers returning from countries with local transmission, Guangdong, China, 2016

Jia, Haimei; Zhao, Meng; Chen, Maoyu; Yang, Zhiwen; Li, Jiansen; Huang, Guo; Guan, Dawei; Cen, Xiaoli; Zhang, Lijie; Feng, Qiwen; Jian-ron, YI; Wu, De; Zhong, Huan; Ma, Hongxia; Song, Tie

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.11.012

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We included 67 reports about ZIKV sexual transmission; measurement of ZIKV infection status using RT-PCR or viral culture in samples of semen, vaginal fluid, or saliva; or both [ 6 , 20 , 74 – 138 ]. Twenty-four of these studies reported on 36 couples in which a primary partner with ZIKV infection, who returned from a ZIKV endemic area, is suspected to have transmitted ZIKV to a secondary partner [ 6 , 78 , 79 , 82 , 84 , 85 , 87 , 88 , 90 , 91 , 96 , 100 , 102 , 105 , 113 , 115 , 119 – 121 , 123 , 124 , 127 , 131 , 137 ] ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual transmission of Zika virus and other flaviviruses: A living systematic review

et al. 2018

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BackgroundHealth authorities in the United States and Europe reported an increasing number of travel-associated episodes of sexual transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) following the 2015–2017 ZIKV outbreak. This, and other scientific evidence, suggests that ZIKV is sexually transmissible in addition to having its primary mosquito-borne route. The objective of this systematic review and evidence synthesis was to clarify the epidemiology of sexually transmitted ZIKV.Methods and findingsWe performed a living (i.e., continually updated) systematic review of evidence published up to 15 April 2018 about sexual transmission of ZIKV and other arthropod-borne flaviviruses in humans and other animals. We defined 7 key elements of ZIKV sexual transmission for which we extracted data: (1) rectal and vaginal susceptibility to infection, (2) incubation period following sexual transmission, (3) serial interval between the onset of symptoms in a primary and secondary infected individuals, (4) duration of infectiousness, (5) reproduction number, (6) probability of transmission per sex act, and (7) transmission rate. We identified 1,227 unique publications and included 128, of which 77 presented data on humans and 51 presented data on animals. Laboratory experiments confirm that rectal and vaginal mucosae are susceptible to infection with ZIKV and that the testis serves as a reservoir for the virus in animal models. Sexual transmission was reported in 36 human couples: 34/36 of these involved male-to-female sexual transmission. The median serial symptom onset interval in 15 couples was 12 days (interquartile range: 10–14.5); the maximum was 44 days. We found evidence from 2 prospective cohorts that ZIKV RNA is present in human semen with a median duration of 34 days (95% CI: 28–41 days) and 35 days (no CI given) (low certainty of evidence, according to GRADE). Aggregated data about detection of ZIKV RNA from 37 case reports and case series indicate a median duration of detection of ZIKV of 40 days (95% CI: 30–49 days) and maximum duration of 370 days in semen. In human vaginal fluid, median duration was 14 days (95% CI: 7–20 days) and maximum duration was 37 days (very low certainty). Infectious virus in human semen was detected for a median duration of 12 days (95% CI: 1–21 days) and maximum of 69 days. Modelling studies indicate that the reproduction number is below 1 (very low certainty). Evidence was lacking to estimate the incubation period or the transmission rate. Evidence on sexual transmission of other flaviviruses was scarce. The certainty of the evidence is limited because of uncontrolled residual bias.ConclusionsThe living systematic review and sexual transmission framework allowed us to assess evidence about the risk of sexual transmission of ZIKV. ZIKV is more likely transmitted from men to women than from women to men. For other flaviviruses, evidence of sexual transmissibility is still absent. Taking into account all available data about the duration of detection of ZIKV in culture and from the serial interval, our fi...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual transmission of Zika virus and other flaviviruses: A living systematic review

et al. 2018

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“…Travel-associated ZIKAV disease has a significant impact in viral circulation as previously documented in the Americas, Europe, China, and the Middle East. 23,26,27 Considering other routes of ZIKAV transmission, the majority of the participants correctly identified that ZIKAV is transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus (70.1%) or possibly via blood transfusion (77.7%). The high knowledge of the population in these aspects might be attributed to speculation based on that these routes are common routes of microbial transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Middle East in ZIKA Virus Circulation: Implications of a Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan

Abu-rish

Elayeh

Albsoul-Younes

2019

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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ZIKA virus (ZIKAV) outbreak in Latin America was associated with international concerns of ZIKAV circulation. The lack of vaccine and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs against this virus rendered prevention as the single most effective method to control its spread. Hence, this study aimed to assess Jordanian population knowledge, attitude, and practices toward ZIKAV and its prevention. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to adults in Amman, Jordan. The overall knowledge of participants was poor (mean knowledge score of 13.7/32). Between 75% and 86% of the respondents did not know the highest risk group of ZIKAV infection, its complications, and the major routes of transmission. About 40% of the population did not know that ZIKAV is sexually transmitted. Only 40% of the population believed that prevention measures are effective. Female gender, working in the medical field, having children, and the source of medical information were associated with significantly higher level of knowledge (R 2 = 0.143, P-value < 0.0001). Being pregnant, however, was not associated with a significantly high knowledge score. Physician recommendations and government's role were the most important predictors of practices toward ZIKAV prevention. Of the 14 returnees from outbreak areas, only six were tested for ZIKAV on coming back and only three continued the use of prevention measures for a sufficient time. Therefore, formulation of a national health policy, preparedness plans against any potential transmission, and organization of educational campaigns to meet the population's health educational needs are required. Special emphasis should be placed on pregnant women and travelers to/returnees from ZIKAV-affected areas.

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“…The cause of subclinical pathology coupled with high-level and persistent viruria during acute ZIKV infection in immunocompetent patients is unclear [ 45 , 46 ]. I propose that ZIKV infection may specifically induce proinflammatory cytokines that limit virus replication and glomerular injury (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus infection and implications for kidney disease

Alcendor

2018

J Mol Med

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High-level and persistent viruria observed in patients infected by Zika virus (ZIKV) has been well documented. However, renal pathology in acutely infected, immunocompetent patients remains subclinical. Moreover, the long-term impact of ZIKV infection, replication, and persistence in the renal compartment of adults and infants as well as immunosuppressed patients and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is unknown. Mechanisms involving host and viral factors that limit or control ZIKV pathogenesis in the renal compartment are important yet unexplored. The observation that long-term viral shedding occurs in the renal compartment in the absence of clinical disease requires further investigation. In this review, I explore Zika virus-induced renal pathology in animal models, the dynamics of virus shedding in urine, virus replication in glomerular cells, ZIKV infection in human renal transplantation, and the potential impact of long-term persistent ZIKV infection in the renal compartment.

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Zika virus infection in travelers returning from countries with local transmission, Guangdong, China, 2016

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Sexual transmission of Zika virus and other flaviviruses: A living systematic review

Sexual transmission of Zika virus and other flaviviruses: A living systematic review

The Role of the Middle East in ZIKA Virus Circulation: Implications of a Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan

Zika virus infection and implications for kidney disease

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