Psychometric properties of Basic Empathy Scale among female juvenile delinquents and school youths

Pechorro, Pedro; Kahn, Rachel E.; Gonçalves, Rui Abrunhosa; Ray, James V.

doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.10.008

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In addition, the BEI and the IRI, two of the most widely used scales for empathy, already found a clinical application in the assessment of empathic skills in autism[ 65 , 66 ], conduct disorders[ 12 ] and psychopathic traits[ 67 - 69 ]. Similarly, the GEM has already been used to examine empathy deficits in children with ASD[ 65 ], externalizing symptoms with aggressive behavior[ 61 , 70 ], and callous–unemotional traits[ 71 ], while the BES has been used in delinquents and institutionalized youths with conduct disorders[ 72 - 74 ]. Those latter three questionnaires also profit from many translations in several languages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of empathy in children and adolescents: A systematic review of questionnaires

Sesso¹,

Brancati²,

Fantozzi³

et al. 2021

WJP

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BACKGROUND Empathy has long been considered a multidimensional construct, encompassing cognitive, affective and behavioral domains. Deficits in empathic competences in early childhood contribute to psychopathology, and have been variably implicated in several clinical conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and conduct disorders. AIM To identify and describe empirically validated questionnaires assessing empathy in children and adolescents and to provide a summary of related theoretical perspectives on empathy definitional issues. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Three bibliographic databases were searched. A total of 47 studies were selected for final analysis and 16 distinct measures were identified and described. RESULTS Questionable to excellent levels of internal consistency were observed, while few studies assessed test–retest reliability. Although construct definitions only partially overlapped, affective and cognitive domains of empathy were the commonest internal factors that were often separately evaluated. New facets of the construct ( i.e. , somatic empathy and sympathy) and specific clinical populations ( i.e. , ASD) could be specifically addressed through more recent instruments. CONCLUSION The combination of different assessment methods is recommended in order to foresee further improvements in this field and try to overcome the problem of limited convergence with more objective measures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of empathy in children and adolescents: A systematic review of questionnaires

Sesso¹,

Brancati²,

Fantozzi³

et al. 2021

WJP

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show abstract

“…Firstly, the pair of authors, formed by Malgorzata Gambin and Carla Sharp, who have four articles published in which they study a population of young mental health patients [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ]. Secondly, Pedro Pechorro and his colleagues, who have published a total of nine articles in which the instrument BES appears [ 16 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. This author focuses on the study of empathy in forensic samples of young Portuguese criminals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors noted that those people with low emotional empathy were more likely to engage in occasional and frequent bullying episodes [ 13 ]. Jolliffe and Farrington [ 12 ] conducted an updated review of the implementation of the BES to examine the relationship between empathy and parenthood, antisocial behavior, harassment, and delinquency in studies composed of either English-speaking populations or their international adaptations [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Although these have been the most addressed topics, the instrument is also currently being used for the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Empathy Scale: A Systematic Review and Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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The Basic Empathy Scale (BES) has been internationally used to measure empathy. A systematic review including 74 articles that implement the instrument since its development in 2006 was carried out. Moreover, an evidence validity analysis and a reliability generalization meta-analysis were performed to examine if the scale presented the appropriate values to justify its application. Results from the systematic review showed that the use of the BES is increasing, although the research areas in which it is being implemented are currently being broadened. The validity analyses indicated that both the type of factor analysis and reliability are reported in validation studies much more than the consequences of testing are. Regarding the meta-analysis results, the mean of Cronbach’s α for cognitive empathy was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77–0.85), with high levels of heterogeneity (I2 = 98.81%). Regarding affective empathy, the mean of Cronbach’s α was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76–0.84), with high levels of heterogeneity. It was concluded that BES is appropriate to be used in general population groups, although not recommended for clinical diagnosis; and there is a moderate to high heterogeneity in the mean of Cronbach’s α. The practical implications of the results in mean estimation and heterogeneity are discussed.

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“…All reviewed studies (n = 15) assessed empathy in children and adolescents with CD and/or ASB. Specifically, a total of 11 studies examined participants up to the age of 21, thus covering late adolescents, all from forensic settings, namely of the juvenile justice system (Aghajani et al, , 2018(Aghajani et al, , 2020Heynen et al, 2015Heynen et al, , 2017Klapwijk et al, 2016aKlapwijk et al, , 2016bPechorro et al, 2017Pechorro et al, , 2018van der Helm et al, 2012;van der Stouwe et al, 2016), while the remaining four studies were conducted in institutions to which children and adolescents with CD/ASB are referred Pijper et al, 2016;Roberts et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2017). Of these last studies, it should be noted that the participants in the study of Pijper et al (2016) were recruited via clinical health centers and special education schools.…”

Section: Studies Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of eight studies compared BES scores between CD/ASB groups and typical controls (Aghajani et al, , 2020Klapwijk et al, 2016aKlapwijk et al, , 2016bPechorro et al, 2017Pechorro et al, , 2018Roberts et al, 2020).…”

Section: Studies Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values regarding measure of Basic Empathy Scale in forensic adolescents

Azeredo¹,

Figueiredo²,

Ramião³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Empathy has revealed a fundamental role in fostering prosocial and altruistic behavior. Conversely, empathic dysfunction has been associated with antisocial behavior (ASB). The Basic Empathy Scale (BES) has been the most used instrument to measure empathy in studies with children and adolescents in forensic settings. Thus, we conducted a systematic review in order to establish reference values for BES in children and adolescents with conduct disorder/antisocial behavior (CD/ASB) and typical controls. Studies related to the topic were obtained from multiple databases (e.g., EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science), through rigorous exclusion and inclusion criteria. Only papers with empirical and quantitative methodologies from scientific and academic publications were included. A total of 311 studies were identified through database searches and 15 articles were retained for this review. The findings reveal lower empathy scores in children and adolescents with CD/AB (pooled mean for the total scale = 52.32; mean for cognitive empathy = 30.86; pooled mean for affective empathy = 28.83) than controls (pooled mean for the total scale = 67.20; pooled mean for cognitive empathy = 34.04; pooled mean for affective empathy = 32.30). This review provides reference values that can be useful for the application of the BES and the interpretation of its results, both in clinical practice and in future research with children and adolescents.

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Psychometric properties of Basic Empathy Scale among female juvenile delinquents and school youths

Cited by 16 publications

References 63 publications

Measures of empathy in children and adolescents: A systematic review of questionnaires

Measures of empathy in children and adolescents: A systematic review of questionnaires

Basic Empathy Scale: A Systematic Review and Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis

Reference values regarding measure of Basic Empathy Scale in forensic adolescents

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