The PREVENT study to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a community-based intervention to prevent childhood tuberculosis in Lesotho: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

Hirsch‐Moverman, Yael; Howard, Andrea A.; Frederix, Koen; Lebelo, Limakatso; Hesseling, Anneke C.; Nachman, Sharon; Mantell, Joanne E.; Lekhela, Tsepang; Maama, Llang Bridget; El‐Sadr, Wafaa

doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2184-0

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is also lower than a prevalence of 83.3% amongst patients of Tamale teaching hospital in Tamale reported by [28] and also an overall prevalence of 25.5% prevalence reported by [29] in Suleja and Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. A prevalence of 6.5% is however higher than a 3.9% rate reported by [30] in their study on pulmonary tuberculosis in Pakistan, an estimated prevalence of 1.1% in the general population of Pakistan [30] and an overall prevalence of 24.8% reported by [31] in Calabar. Infection across age groups varied markedly with age group of 36-45years having the highest prevalence of infection (15.79%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Unisex Adults at the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

Wc¹,

Hf²,

Jo³

et al. 2020

SJAMS

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Original Research Article Tuberculosis, though a curable infectious disease, remains one of the leading causes of death in adults. It is also a major public health concern in Nigeria. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in unisex adults at the National Hospital, Abuja. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in National Hospital was studied using the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF procedure. Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay technique was used to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A total of two hundred (200) patients from 18 years and above were screened and enrolled for this study. The study revealed that 13 out of 200 patients were positive with pulmonary tuberculosis with an overall prevalence rate of 6.50%. The most affected age group was between 36-45years having the highest prevalence of infection (15.79%). Male patients had a higher prevalence at 12.0%, compared to 3.2% in females. The statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship of prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in National Hospital, Abuja with respect to age and gender (P<0.05). The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis among Adults in National Hospital, Abuja is slightly above the estimated falling rate of the World Health organization. This means that the prevalence of the infection in National Hospital, Abuja is gradually decreasing and might fall to a prevalence of zero if the necessary measures for preventing spread of infections are put in place.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Unisex Adults at the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

Wc¹,

Hf²,

Jo³

et al. 2020

SJAMS

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“…For example, acceptability and satisfaction within the perception category were defined differently from one study to another [15,28-30,32,35,36,40,44]. Also, SMS-only intervention studies did not focus on technical outcome [12,15,22,29,30,32,35, 36,42,43,45,46] whereas studies involving other mHealth technologies such as an app or mobile data collection did so [21,28,33,37,39-41]. On the contrary, outcomes related to cost or cost-effectiveness were reported only via studies involving SMS [29,45,46].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Developing a Standardized Core Set of Outcome Measures in Mobile Health Interventions for Tuberculosis Management: Systematic Review

Lee

et al. 2019

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) management can be challenging in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) not only because of its high burden but also the prolonged treatment period involving multiple drugs. With rapid development in mobile technology, mobile health (mHealth) interventions or using a mobile device for TB management has gained popularity. Despite the potential usefulness of mHealth interventions for TB, few studies have quantitatively synthesized evidence on its effectiveness, presumably because of variability in outcome measures reported in the literature. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the outcome measures reported in TB mHealth literature in LMICs. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify mHealth intervention studies for TB (published up to May 2018) that reported any type of outcome measures. The extracted information included the study setting, types of mHealth technology used, target population, study design, and categories of outcome measures. Outcomes were classified into 13 categories including treatment outcome, adherence, process measure, perception, technical outcome, and so on. The qualitative synthesis of evidence focused on the categories of outcome measures reported by the type of mHealth interventions. Results A total of 27 studies were included for the qualitative synthesis of evidence. The study designs varied widely, ranging from randomized controlled trials to economic evaluations. A total of 12 studies adopted short message service (SMS), whereas 5 studies used SMS in combination with additional technologies or mobile apps. The study populations were also diverse, including patients with TB, patients with TB/HIV, health care workers, and general patients attending a clinic. There was a wide range of variations in the definition of outcome measures across the studies. Among the diverse categories of outcome measures, treatment outcomes have been reported in 14 studies, but only 6 of them measured the outcome according to the standard TB treatment definitions by the World Health Organization. Conclusions This critical evaluation of outcomes reported in mHealth studies for TB management suggests that substantial variability exists in reporting outcome measures. To overcome the challenges in evidence synthesis for mHealth interventions, this study can provide insights into the development of a core set of outcome measures by intervention type and study design.

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“…The PREVENT study protocol has been published elsewhere [ 15 ]. As this was a cluster-randomized trial, assignment to study arm was done at the health facility level and not at the individual participant level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving child tuberculosis contact identification and screening in Lesotho: Results from a mixed-methods cluster-randomized implementation science study

et al. 2021

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Background Child tuberculosis (TB) contact management is recommended for preventing TB in children but its implementation is suboptimal in high TB/HIV-burden settings. The PREVENT Study was a mixed-methods, clustered-randomized implementation study that evaluated the effectiveness and acceptability of a community-based intervention (CBI) to improve child TB contact management in Lesotho, a high TB burden country. Methods Ten health facilities were randomized to CBI or standard of care (SOC). CBI holistically addressed the complex provider-, patient-, and caregiver-related barriers to prevention of childhood TB. Routine TB program data were abstracted from TB registers and cards for all adult TB patients aged >18 years registered during the study period, and their child contacts. Primary outcome was yield (number) of child contacts identified and screened per adult TB patient. Generalized linear mixed models tested for differences between study arms. CBI acceptability was assessed via semi-structured in-depth interviews with a purposively selected sample of 20 healthcare providers and 28 caregivers. Qualitative data were used to explain and confirm quantitative results. We used thematic analysis to analyze the data. Results From 01/2017-06/2018, 973 adult TB patients were recorded, 490 at CBI and 483 at SOC health facilities; 64% male, 68% HIV-positive. At CBI and SOC health facilities, 216 and 164 child contacts were identified, respectively (p = 0.16). Screening proportions (94% vs. 62%, p = 0.13) were similar; contact yield per TB case (0.40 vs. 0.20, p = 0.08) was higher at CBI than SOC health facilities, respectively. CBI was acceptable to caregivers and healthcare providers. Conclusion Identification and screening for TB child contacts were similar across study arms but yield was marginally higher at CBI compared with SOC health facilities. CBI scale-up may enhance the ability to reach and engage child TB contacts, contributing to efforts to improve TB prevention among children.

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The PREVENT study to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a community-based intervention to prevent childhood tuberculosis in Lesotho: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Unisex Adults at the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Unisex Adults at the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

Toward Developing a Standardized Core Set of Outcome Measures in Mobile Health Interventions for Tuberculosis Management: Systematic Review

Improving child tuberculosis contact identification and screening in Lesotho: Results from a mixed-methods cluster-randomized implementation science study

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