Abstract:Background. The Tanner-Whitehouse radius-ulna-short bone protocol (TW2 RUS SA) is a widely used indicator of maturity status. The scale for converting ratings to an SA has been revised (TW3 RUS SA) which may have implications for studies of youth athletes.Objectives. To compare TW2 and TW3 RUS SAs in an international sample of youth soccer players and to compare distributions of players by maturity status defined by each SA Methods. SA assessments with the TW RUS method were collated for 1831 soccer players 11… Show more
“…The former used the TW2 method, while the latter used the TW3 method of SA assessment. Of relevance, SAs with the TW3 method were consistently less than SAs with the TW2 method by about one year in a large international sample of youth soccer players 11–17 years of age [23]. The systematic difference between TW2 and TW3 SAs has major implications for the classification of players by maturity status.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Classifying players as early, on time, or late with different methods (years, z -scores, standard deviations) and the broad CA range of the sample (9 to 16 years) may influence the sensitivity of the maturity indicators and in turn affect the number of players assigned to each category. The band of ± one year of SA from CA within single-year CA groups is commonly used, although the range of observed standard deviations in studies of SA varies somewhat with CA and also among samples and with the method of assessment [23]. Nevertheless, maturity status classifications of players within two year competitive age groups (Additional file 1: Table S1, Additional file 2: Table S2, Additional file 3: Table S3, Additional file 4: Table S4) suggested similar trends, but numbers were limited.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An SA within ± 1.0 year of CA indicated average or on-time maturity status, and a SA less than CA by < 1.0 year defined late status while a SA in advance of CA by > 1.0 year defined early status. The band of ± 1.0 year approximated standard deviations of SA with the Fels and other methods of SA assessment within single-year CA groups [23]. No player was classified as skeletally mature.…”
Background
To evaluate the concordance of skeletal age (SA) with two predicted estimates of biological maturity status in elite British youth tennis players.
Method
Participants were 71 male and female elite youth tennis players aged 8 to 16 years. Weight, height, and sitting height were measured. SA (Fels method) was the criterion indicator of maturity status. Maturity status was predicted with two methods: predicted age at peak height velocity and percentage of predicted adult height at the time of observation. Players were classified as late, average (on time), or early maturing with each method. Concordance of classifications was evaluated with kappa coefficients and Spearman’s rank order correlations.
Results
Kappa coefficients between maturity status classifications were low in both sexes, − 0.11 to 0.22, while Spearman’s rank order correlations between maturity status classifications based on SA and the percentage of predicted mature height were moderate in males (0.35) and females (0.25), but the corresponding correlations based on predicted age at peak height velocity (PHV) varied, moderate and negative in boys (− 0.37) and low and positive in girls (0.11). Concordance of maturity status classifications based on the prediction methods and SA among tennis players was thus limited.
Conclusions
Maturity status based on the percentage of predicted mature height at the time of observation correlated better with maturity status based on SA in contrast to status based on predicted age at PHV in this sample of elite youth tennis players.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s40798-019-0198-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…The former used the TW2 method, while the latter used the TW3 method of SA assessment. Of relevance, SAs with the TW3 method were consistently less than SAs with the TW2 method by about one year in a large international sample of youth soccer players 11–17 years of age [23]. The systematic difference between TW2 and TW3 SAs has major implications for the classification of players by maturity status.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Classifying players as early, on time, or late with different methods (years, z -scores, standard deviations) and the broad CA range of the sample (9 to 16 years) may influence the sensitivity of the maturity indicators and in turn affect the number of players assigned to each category. The band of ± one year of SA from CA within single-year CA groups is commonly used, although the range of observed standard deviations in studies of SA varies somewhat with CA and also among samples and with the method of assessment [23]. Nevertheless, maturity status classifications of players within two year competitive age groups (Additional file 1: Table S1, Additional file 2: Table S2, Additional file 3: Table S3, Additional file 4: Table S4) suggested similar trends, but numbers were limited.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An SA within ± 1.0 year of CA indicated average or on-time maturity status, and a SA less than CA by < 1.0 year defined late status while a SA in advance of CA by > 1.0 year defined early status. The band of ± 1.0 year approximated standard deviations of SA with the Fels and other methods of SA assessment within single-year CA groups [23]. No player was classified as skeletally mature.…”
Background
To evaluate the concordance of skeletal age (SA) with two predicted estimates of biological maturity status in elite British youth tennis players.
Method
Participants were 71 male and female elite youth tennis players aged 8 to 16 years. Weight, height, and sitting height were measured. SA (Fels method) was the criterion indicator of maturity status. Maturity status was predicted with two methods: predicted age at peak height velocity and percentage of predicted adult height at the time of observation. Players were classified as late, average (on time), or early maturing with each method. Concordance of classifications was evaluated with kappa coefficients and Spearman’s rank order correlations.
Results
Kappa coefficients between maturity status classifications were low in both sexes, − 0.11 to 0.22, while Spearman’s rank order correlations between maturity status classifications based on SA and the percentage of predicted mature height were moderate in males (0.35) and females (0.25), but the corresponding correlations based on predicted age at peak height velocity (PHV) varied, moderate and negative in boys (− 0.37) and low and positive in girls (0.11). Concordance of maturity status classifications based on the prediction methods and SA among tennis players was thus limited.
Conclusions
Maturity status based on the percentage of predicted mature height at the time of observation correlated better with maturity status based on SA in contrast to status based on predicted age at PHV in this sample of elite youth tennis players.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s40798-019-0198-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…Techniques used to identify time of epiphyseal fusion include the Tanner-Whitehouse 2nd edition (TW2) radius-ulna-short bone, which uses 20 regions of the bone to assess bone age [105]. Each of these regions is further split into several developmental stages, one of which identifies when epiphyseal fusion is complete [106].…”
Section: Alternative Methods To Measure Skeletal Growthmentioning
The human skeleton is composed of bone, a living tissue that undergoes constant development throughout life. It is well established that changes in bone metabolism during the developmental stages of growth, modelling and remodelling determine long-lasting physiological parameters, such as final height achieved, peak bone mass, bone quality and bone health. A complex interplay of environmental, genetic, nutritional, physiological and behavioural factors plays a role in these processes. These modifiable and non-modifiable factors influence skeletal development and bone quality, as well as the occurrence of clinical conditions during adulthood, such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.
“…The TW method [7,10,11] assigns score to relevant bone through a detailed structural analysis and evaluates the bone maturity based on the sum of the scores. Thirteen bone areas are used in this bone maturity determination analysis, including weak bone, small bone (RUS), and male bones.…”
Section: Greulich and Pyle (Gp) And Tanner-whitehouse (Tw) Methodsmentioning
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