Defining a Growing and Maturing Skeleton and its Relevance in Diseases that Affect Skeletal Growth, Such as X-Linked Hypophosphataemia (XLH)

Signe, Beck-Nielsen; Augusta, Greggio Nella; Hagenäs, Lars

doi:10.23937/2643-4571/1710029

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 66 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…This approach provides a mechanism to assess that the final height has been achieved without the requirement to know the final expected mature height. Within the literature, the range for cessation of growth is between <2 cm and 0.25 cm/year, with most authors converging around ≤1 cm/year [ 21 ].…”

Section: Growth and Bone Development In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Bone Development in the Horse: When Is a Horse Skeletally Mature?

Rogers

Gee

Dittmer

2021

Animals

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Within the lay literature, and social media in particular, there is often debate about the age at which a horse should be started and introduced to racing or sport. To optimize the welfare and longevity of horses in racing and sport, it is important to match exercise with musculoskeletal development and the ability of the musculoskeletal system to respond to loading. The justification for not exercising horses at a certain age is often in contrast to the scientific literature and framed, with incorrect generalizations, with human growth. This review provides a relative comparison of the growth and development of the horse to the descriptors used to define growth and development in humans. Measures of physeal closure and somatic growth demonstrate that the horse completes the equivalent of rapid infant growth by weaning (4–6 months old). At approximately 11 months old, the horse completes the equivalent of the childhood phase of growth and enters puberty. At 2 years old, the horse has achieved most measures of maturity used within the human literature, including the plateauing of vertical height, closure of growth plates, and adult ratios of back length:wither height and limb length:wither height. These data support the hypothesis that the horse evolved to be a precocious cursorial grazer and is capable of athletic activity, and use in sport, relatively early in life.

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Section: Growth and Bone Development In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Bone Development in the Horse: When Is a Horse Skeletally Mature?

Rogers

Gee

Dittmer

2021

Animals

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Burosumab for X-linked hypophosphatemia in children and adolescents: Opinion based on early experience in seven European countries

Mughal

Baroncelli²,

Lucas-Collantes

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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Given the relatively recent introduction of burosumab in the management of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), there is limited real-world data to guide its use in clinical practice. As a group of European physicians experienced with burosumab treatment in clinical practice, we convened with the objective of sharing these practice-based insights on the use of burosumab in children and adolescents with XLH. We attended two virtual meetings, then discussed key questions via Within3, a virtual online platform. Points of discussion related to patient selection criteria, burosumab starting dose, dose titration and treatment monitoring. Our discussions revealed that criteria for selecting children with XLH varied across Europe from all children above 1 year to only children with overt rickets despite conventional treatment being eligible. We initiated burosumab dosing according to guidance in the Summary of Product Characteristics, an international consensus statement from 2019 and local country guidelines. Dose titration was primarily guided by serum phosphate levels, with some centers also using the ratio of tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR). We monitored response to burosumab treatment clinically (growth, deformities, bone pain and physical functioning), radiologically (rickets and deformities) and biochemically (serum phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, urine calcium-creatinine ratio and TmP/GFR). Key suggestions made by our group were initiation of burosumab treatment in children as early as possible, from the age of 1 year, particularly in those with profound rickets, and a need for clinical studies on continuation of burosumab throughout adolescence and into adulthood.

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Defining a Growing and Maturing Skeleton and its Relevance in Diseases that Affect Skeletal Growth, Such as X-Linked Hypophosphataemia (XLH)

Cited by 2 publications

References 66 publications

Growth and Bone Development in the Horse: When Is a Horse Skeletally Mature?

Growth and Bone Development in the Horse: When Is a Horse Skeletally Mature?

Burosumab for X-linked hypophosphatemia in children and adolescents: Opinion based on early experience in seven European countries

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