Squash cytology findings of subependymomas: A report of three cases and differential diagnosis

Tokumitsu, Takako; Sato, Yuichiro; Takeshima, Hideo; Sato, Shinya; Asada, Yujiro

doi:10.1002/dc.23840

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…This myxoid material has been rarely reported likely because it is difficult to appreciate on wet-fixed cytologic samples. Microcysts may be seen with cytology [36].…”

Section: Fibrillary Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytologic Features of Ventricular Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Review with Emphasis on Diff-Quik Stained Smears

et al. 2021

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Background: Neoplasms from the ventricular system share a common location but have highly variable histogenesis. Many are slowly growing tumors that behave in a benign fashion. They can be classified as primary and secondary tumors. The most common primary tumors are ependymomas, subependymomas, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, central neurocytomas, choroid plexus tumors, meningiomas, germinomas, pineal parenchymal tumors, papillary tumors of the pineal region, chordoid gliomas, rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors of the fourth ventricle, and craniopharyngiomas. Pilocytic astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors often show secondary involvement of the ventricular system. Summary: Advances in neurosurgery have facilitated access to the ventricular system increasing the number of cases in which such tumors can be biopsied. In this context, cytology has been proven to be an extremely useful diagnostic tool during intraoperative pathologic consultations. Many ventricular tumors are infrequent, and the cytologic information available is limited. In this review, we describe the cytologic features of the uncommon ventricular tumors and report on unusual findings of the more common ones. For the cytologic evaluation of brain tumors, many neuropathologists prefer formalin fixation and hematoxylin and eosin staining. In this review, we highlight the cytologic findings as seen with Diff-Quik, a very popular staining method among cytopathologists. In fact, when pathologists are unfamiliar with cytology, it is common to request the assistance of cytopathologists during the evaluation of intraoperative procedures. Key Message: Ventricular tumors of the central nervous system comprise a group of heterogeneous tumors with very different cytologic features. The cytomorphology of these tumors, including rare entities, is often very characteristic, allowing a precise recognition during intraoperative pathologic consultations. Diff-Quik is a valuable staining method that can be used alone or as a complement to hematoxylin and eosin staining. Diff-Quik allows for clear visualization of the overall architecture, cytoplasmic details, and extracellular material.

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“…This myxoid material has been rarely reported likely because it is difficult to appreciate on wet-fixed cytologic samples. Microcysts may be seen with cytology [36].…”

Section: Fibrillary Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytologic Features of Ventricular Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Review with Emphasis on Diff-Quik Stained Smears

et al. 2021

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Clinical features and surgical outcomes of intracranial and spinal cord subependymomas

Rincón-Torroella

Rakovec

Khalafallah

et al. 2022

Journal of Neurosurgery

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OBJECTIVE Subependymomas are low-grade ependymal tumors whose clinical characteristics, radiographic features, and postsurgical outcomes are incompletely characterized due to their rarity. The authors present an institutional case series and a systematic literature review to achieve a better understanding of subependymomas. METHODS Adult patients with histologically confirmed subependymoma or mixed subependymoma-ependymoma surgically treated at a tertiary hospital between 1992 and 2020 were identified. A systematic literature review of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from inception until December 4, 2020, was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Data extracted from both groups included demographics, radiographic features, tumor characteristics, management, and follow-up variables. RESULTS Forty-eight unique patients with subependymoma were identified by chart review; of these patients, 8 (16.7%) had mixed subependymoma-ependymoma tumors. The median age at diagnosis was 49 years (IQR 19.8 years), and 26 patients (54.2%) were male. Forty-two patients (87.5%) had intracranial subependymomas, and 6 (12.5%) had spinal tumors. The most common presentation was headache (n = 20, 41.7%), although a significant number of tumors were diagnosed incidentally (n = 16, 33.3%). Among the 42 patients with intracranial tumors, 15 (35.7%) had hydrocephalus, and the most common surgical strategy was a suboccipital approach with or without C1 laminectomy (n = 26, 61.9%). Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 33 cases (68.7%), and 2 patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. Most patients had no major postsurgical complications (n = 34, 70.8%), and only 1 (2.1%) had recurrence after GTR. Of 2036 reports initially identified in the systematic review, 39 were eligible for inclusion, comprising 477 patients. Of 462 patients for whom tumor location was reported, 406 (87.9%) were intracranial, with the lateral ventricle as the most common location (n = 214, 46.3%). Spinal subependymomas occurred in 53 patients (11.5%), with 3 cases (0.6%) in multiple locations. Similar to the case series at the authors’ institution, headache was the most common presenting symptom (n = 231, 54.0%) among the 428 patients whose presentation was reported. Twenty-seven patients (6.3%) were diagnosed incidentally, and 36 cases (8.4%) were found at autopsy. Extent of resection was reported for 350 patients, and GTR was achieved in 250 (71.4%). Fifteen of 337 patients (4.5%) had recurrence or progression. CONCLUSIONS The authors’ case series and literature review demonstrate that patients with subependymoma are well managed with resection and generally have a favorable prognosis.

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Subependymoma - atypical appearance

Sheikh¹,

Donato²

2020

Radiopaedia.org

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Squash cytology findings of subependymomas: A report of three cases and differential diagnosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Cytologic Features of Ventricular Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Review with Emphasis on Diff-Quik Stained Smears

Cytologic Features of Ventricular Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Review with Emphasis on Diff-Quik Stained Smears

Clinical features and surgical outcomes of intracranial and spinal cord subependymomas

Subependymoma - atypical appearance

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