Clustering of multiple energy balance related behaviors is associated with body fat composition indicators in adolescents: Results from the HELENA and ELANA studies

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify clustering patterns of four energy balance-related behaviors (EBRB): television (TV) watching, moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V), and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), among European and Brazilian adolescents. EBRB associations with different body fat composition indicators were then evaluated. Participants included adolescents from eight European countries in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescents) study (n = 2,057, 53.8% female; age: 12.5-17.5 years) and from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil in the ELANA study (the Adolescent Nutritional Assessment Longitudinal Study) (n = 968, 53.2% female; age: 13.5-19 years). EBRB data allowed for sex- and study-specific clusters. Associations were estimated by ANOVA and odds ratios. Five clustering patterns were identified. Four similar clusters were identified for each sex and study. Among boys, different cluster identified was characterized by high F&V consumption in the HELENA study and high TV watching and high MVPA time in the ELANA study. Among girls, the different clusters identified was characterized by high F&V consumption in both studies and, additionally, high SSB consumption in the ELANA study. Regression analysis showed that clusters characterized by high SSB consumption in European boys; high TV watching, and high TV watching plus high MVPA in Brazilian boys; and high MVPA, and high SSB and F&V consumption in Brazilian girls, were positively associated with different body fat composition indicators. Common clusters were observed in adolescents from Europe and Brazil, however, no cluster was identified as being completely healthy or unhealthy. Each cluster seems to impact on body composition indicators, depending on the group. Public health actions should aim to promote adequate practices of EBRB.

Fluid intake patterns of children and adolescents: results of six Liq.In7 national cross-sectional surveys

“…Children and adolescents who reported more than 2 h of sedentary behavior were over-represented in the high drinkers with SSB cluster; those who reported being physically active once a week to twice a month were under-represented. A recent cluster analysis of data from the ELANA and HELENA studies in children and adolescents reported clusters characterized by sedentary behavior and SSB consumption [72]. This is not surprising given the established links between sedentary behavior and less healthy dietary intake including SSB consumption [71, 73, 74].…”

“…Those who reported sedentary behavior greater than 2 h a week and/or being physically active once a week to twice a month were over-represented in the very high drinkers–water cluster . While this may appear contradictory, this phenomenon has been reported before and is probably due to those who report being sedentary for two or more hours per day compensating by being physically active at other times of the day [72]. Clearly, the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents requires a multifaceted approach, which focuses on changing dietary habits, including reducing SSB consumption, and reducing sedentary behavior and or increasing physical activity.…”

A táplálkozással kapcsolatos attitűdök, magatartás és információkeresés vizsgálata és összefüggése szociodemográfiai és pszichológiai változókkal serdülők körében

“…A magatartás szintjén elkülönült az egészségtudatos, a nem egészségtudatos magatartás, valamint egy kifejezetten a nyersétel-alapú étrendet preferáló táplálkozás, amely a legkisebb arányban volt jelen a mintában. Bár a legnagyobb arányban a fiatalok egészségtudatos magatartást követtek, jelen van az ellenkezője is, ami megfelel a szakirodalomban fellelhető adatoknak [5,10,11]. Ez azt a kettősséget jelzi, hogy a fiatalok -bár egyre egészségtudatosabbak a táplálkozás terénaz egészségkockázatos ételekről sem mondanak le.…”

“…Ez az életszakasz e szempontból igen kritikus, hiszen a gyermekkori táplálkozási szocializáció az egyre inkább autonómmá váló döntésekkel jelentősen módosulhat (sajnos, mint a kutatások igazolják, nem kedvező irányba, például gyorsételek, energiaitalok stb.) [7,10,11]. A prevenciós programok a leggyakrabban a szerfogyasztási formákra fókuszálnak, pedig az egészségtudatos táplálkozás kialakítása szintén fontos prioritást kell, hogy képezzen.…”

“…Az étrend összetétele szempontjából az egészséges étkezési magatartás (például zöldség-és gyümölcsfogyasztás) javuló tendenciát mutat, bár a nemzetközi átlagot így sem éri el [8]. A pozitív változások ellenére az egészségkockázatos étkezés (például édesség-, energiaital-, gyorsételfogyasztás) még mindig jelentős arányban jelenik meg a fiataloknál Európa-szerte [10], így hazánkban is [5,11].…”