Head Trauma

Kuo, Kendon; Bacek, Lenore M.; Taylor, Amanda R.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.08.005

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…[3][4][5] Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are the most common cause; [6][7][8] however, skull fractures can also be caused by falling from a height or fighting. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Skull fractures in cats may be managed conservatively or surgically. Reported surgical techniques include mandibular cerclage, interfragmentary wiring, interarcuate stabilisation with dental acrylic, bignathic encircling and retaining device (BEARD), external skeletal fixation (ESF), mini-plate fixation and mandibulectomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline head trauma: a CT analysis of skull fractures and their management in 75 cats

Knight

Meeson

2018

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the configurations and management of feline skull fractures and concurrent injuries following head trauma. Methods Medical records and CT images were reviewed for cats with skull fractures confirmed by CT that were managed conservatively or with surgery. Details of signalment, presentation, skull fracture configuration, management, re-examination, and complications or mortality were recorded and analysed. Results Seventy-five cats (53 males, 22 females) with a mean age of 4.8 ± 3 years met the inclusion criteria. Eighty-nine percent of cats had fractures in multiple bones of the skull, with the mandible, upper jaw (maxilla, incisive and nasal bones) and craniofacial regions most commonly affected. Temporomandibular joint injury occurred in 56% of cats. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common cause of skull fractures, occurring in 89% of cats, and caused fractures of multiple regions of the skull. RTAs were also associated with high levels of concurrent injuries, particularly ophthalmic, neurological and thoracic injuries. A more limited distribution of injuries was seen in non-RTA cats. Equal numbers of cats were managed conservatively or surgically (47%). Mortality rate was 8% and complications were reported in 22% of cats. Increasing age at presentation and presence of internal upper jaw fractures were risk factors for development of complications. No risk factors were identified for mortality. Conclusions and relevance RTAs were the most common cause of feline skull fractures and resulted in fractures in multiple regions of the skull and concurrent injuries occurred frequently. Problems with dental occlusion were uncommon post-treatment. An increased risk of implant loosening and malocclusion was seen with palatine and pterygoid bone fractures and hard palate injuries. This study provides useful additional information regarding feline skull fractures, concurrent injuries and management techniques following head trauma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline head trauma: a CT analysis of skull fractures and their management in 75 cats

Knight

Meeson

2018

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognised in feline patients following trauma, such as road traffic accidents, falling from a height and punctures due to bite wounds. 1 Advanced imaging, for example MRI, is frequently performed in small animal patients following TBI, but there is a paucity of studies considering the utility of this technique in cats and describing the most relevant features to assess.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI in 30 cats with traumatic brain injury

Caine¹,

Brash

Risio

et al. 2018

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the MRI findings in cats following traumatic brain injury (TBI), and establish which features identified might correlate with prognosis. Methods The magnetic resonance images of 30 cats with clinical signs attributed to the brain following TBI were retrospectively reviewed to assess the imaging features seen and their correlation with outcome. Results Twenty-one of 30 cats had a good outcome (full recovery or minor ongoing neurological deficits); the other nine either died or had ongoing neurological deficits that significantly affected quality of life. There was evidence of parenchymal injury in only 20/30 cats, including 8/9 that had a poor outcome. The frequency of bilateral or multifocal parenchymal lesions on T2-weighted imaging, and mass effect, particularly caudal transtentorial herniation, was statistically significantly higher in patients with a poorer outcome. Extra-axial haemorrhage was not identified. Concurrent soft tissue injury was noted in all cats, with a poorer prognosis statistically associated with a peripharyngeal pattern of injury and orbital trauma. Conclusions and relevance The number of cases with MRI-identified brain pathology, the patterns of injuries identified and the specific imaging features that appear to have effects on prognosis differ in this series of cats from those published in similar case series of dogs. Further work is needed to establish if cat-specific guidelines are needed to assess brain MRI following trauma.

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“…Mortality rates for dogs with head trauma have been estimated at 18-24% [13], and in dogs with severe blunt trauma, those with TBI have significantly decreased survival [14]. The incidence of CDI in people with TBI is estimated at 15-28%, but this can vary widely depending on the inclusion and diagnostic criteria used, and it has a mortality rate of 69% [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Treatment of Transient Central Diabetes Insipidus following Traumatic Brain Injury in a Dog

Croton

Purcell

Schoep

et al. 2019

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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An 11-year-old female spayed Maltese presented comatose, half an hour after vehicular trauma, and was treated for traumatic brain injury and pulmonary contusions. The dog developed severe hypernatremia within six hours of presentation, which responded poorly to the administration of five percent dextrose in water. As central diabetes insipidus was suspected, desmopressin was trialled and resolution of hypernatremia was achieved six days later. Transient trauma-induced central diabetes insipidus has been described previously in two dogs; in the first, serum sodium concentrations were evaluated three days after injury and the other developed hypernatremia seven days after injury. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of rapid onset, transient, and trauma-induced central diabetes insipidus in a dog that encompasses the complete clinical progression of the syndrome from shortly after injury through to resolution.

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Head Trauma

Cited by 22 publications

References 87 publications

Feline head trauma: a CT analysis of skull fractures and their management in 75 cats

Feline head trauma: a CT analysis of skull fractures and their management in 75 cats

MRI in 30 cats with traumatic brain injury

Successful Treatment of Transient Central Diabetes Insipidus following Traumatic Brain Injury in a Dog

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