High risk of conversion to diabetes in first-degree relatives of individuals with young-onset type 2 diabetes: a 12-year follow-up analysis

Zhang, Y.; Luk, Andrea; Chow, Elaine; Ko, Gary T.C.; Chan, Michael Ho Ming; Ng, Maggie; Kong, Alice Pik Shan; Ma, Rong; Ozaki, Risa; So, Wing Yee; Chow, Chun‐Chung; Chan, Juliana C.N.

doi:10.1111/dme.13516

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…They had undergone the same detailed clinical and metabolic evaluation as women with PCOS, including a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline. All women without PCOS were recalled for follow-up metabolic evaluation, including OGTT, approximately 10 years after the initial visit [12]. Participants with hypothyroidism, prolactinoma, nonclassical adrenal hyperplasia, or Cushing’s syndrome were excluded from the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of glucose intolerance and cardiometabolic risk factors over a decade in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study

Jiang

Cheung

et al. 2019

PLoS Med

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BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased metabolic risk, though data on long-term follow-up of cardiometabolic traits are limited. We postulated that Chinese women with PCOS would have higher risk of incident diabetes and cardiometabolic abnormalities than those without PCOS during long-term follow-up.Methods and findingsOne hundred ninety-nine Chinese women with PCOS diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria and with a mean age of 41.2 years (SD = 6.4) completed a follow-up evaluation after an average of 10.6 ± 1.3 years. Two hundred twenty-five women without PCOS (mean age: 54.1 ± 6.7 years) who underwent baseline and follow-up evaluation over the same period were used for comparison. Progression of glycaemic status of women both with and without PCOS was assessed by using 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) screening with the adoption of 2009 American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. The frequency of impaired glucose regulation, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia of women with PCOS at follow-up has increased from 31.7% (95% CI 25.2%–38.1%) to 47.2% (95% CI 40.3%–54.2%), 16.1% (95% CI 11.0%–21.2%) to 34.7% (95% CI 28.1%–41.3%), and 52.3% (95% CI 45.3%–59.2%) to 64.3% (95% CI 57.7%–71.0%), respectively. The cumulative incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in follow-up women with PCOS is 26.1% (95% CI 20.0%–32.2%), almost double that in the cohort of women without PCOS (p < 0.001). Age-standardised incidence of diabetes among women with PCOS was 22.12 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI 10.86–33.37) compared with the local female population incidence rate of 8.76 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI 8.72–8.80) and 10.09 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI 4.92–15.26, p < 0.001) for women without PCOS in our study. Incidence rate for women with PCOS aged 30–39 years was 20.56 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI 12.57–31.87), which is approximately 10-fold higher than that of the age-matched general female population in Hong Kong (1.88 per 1,000 person-years, [95% CI 1.85–1.92]). The incidence rate of type 2 DM (T2DM) of both normal-weight and overweight women with PCOS was around double that of corresponding control groups (normal weight: 8.96 [95% CI 3.92–17.72] versus 4.86 per 1,000 person-years [95% CI 2.13–9.62], p > 0.05; overweight/obese: 28.64 [95% CI 19.55–40.60] versus 14.1 per 1,000 person-years [95% CI 8.20–22.76], p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified that baseline waist-to-hip ratio (odds ratio [OR] = 1.71 [95% CI 1.08–2.69], p < 0.05) and elevated triglyceride (OR = 6.63 [95% CI 1.23–35.69], p < 0.05) are associated with the progression to T2DM in PCOS. Limitations of this study include moderate sample size with limited number of incident diabetes during follow-up period and potential selection bias.ConclusionsHigh risk of diabetes and increased cardiovascular disease risk factors among Chinese women with PCOS are highlighted in this long-term follow-up study. Diabetes onset was, on average, 10 years earlier among women with PCOS than in women without PCOS.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of glucose intolerance and cardiometabolic risk factors over a decade in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study

Jiang

Cheung

et al. 2019

PLoS Med

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“…At the same time, study found that in individuals with a family history of young-onset, over 20% of siblings with an average age of 40 years had diabetes and 25% had prediabetes. After a decade, over one-fifth of those who were initially euglycaemic had developed Type 2 diabetes [16]. Previous studies have demonstrated that continuous glucose monitoring could identify the presence of significant dysglycaemia in FDR who were categorized as having normal glucose tolerance according to the OGTT [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Metabolic Syndrome on Vibration Perception Threshold in First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Yang¹,

Peng²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

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“…(41) Factors other than weight status are known to increase risk of diabetes, including minority race/ethnicity and family history of diabetes. (7, 41–43) Indeed, due to their relevance, these factors are included in the pediatric screening guideline that we evaluated in our study. There are likely other factors that impact diabetes risk that are yet to be discovered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating youth diabetes risk using NHANES data and machine learning

Vangeepuram

Liu

Chiu

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Type 2 diabetes has become alarmingly prevalent among youth in recent years. However, simple questionnaire-based screening tools to reliably identify diabetes risk and prevent the adverse effects of this serious disease are only available for adults, not for youth. As a first step in developing such a tool, we used a large-scale dataset from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES), to examine the performance of a well-known adult diabetes risk self-assessment screener and published pediatric clinical screening guidelines in identifying youth with pre-diabetes/diabetes (pre-DM/DM) based on American Diabetes Association diagnostic biomarkers. We assessed the agreement between the adult screener/pediatric screening guidelines and biomarker diagnostic criteria by conducting comparisons using the overall data set and sub-datasets stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and age. While the pediatric guidelines performed better than the adult screener in identifying youth with pre-DM/DM (sensitivity 43.1% vs 7.2%), both are inadequate for general deployment among youth. There were also notable differences in the performance of the pediatric guidelines across subgroups based on age, sex and race/ethnicity. In an effort to improve pre-DM/DM screening, we also evaluated data-driven machine learning-based classification algorithms, several of which performed slightly but statistically significantly better than the pediatric screening guidelines.

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High risk of conversion to diabetes in first-degree relatives of individuals with young-onset type 2 diabetes: a 12-year follow-up analysis

Abstract: First-degree relatives of people with Type 2 diabetes, especially relatives of those with young-onset diabetes, are at high risk for diabetes.

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Progression of glucose intolerance and cardiometabolic risk factors over a decade in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study

Progression of glucose intolerance and cardiometabolic risk factors over a decade in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study

Influence of Metabolic Syndrome on Vibration Perception Threshold in First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Estimating youth diabetes risk using NHANES data and machine learning

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