Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin supplementation intensifies plantaris muscle fiber hypertrophy in functionally overloaded mice

Abstract

BackgroundEnzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) is produced from rutin using enzymatic hydrolysis followed by treatment with glycosyltransferase in the presence of dextrin to add glucose residues. EMIQ is absorbed in the same way as quercetin, a powerful antioxidant reported to prevent disused muscle atrophy by targeting mitochondria and to have ergogenic effects. The present study investigated the effect of EMIQ on skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by functional overload.MethodsIn Study 1, 6-week-old ICR male mice were divided into 4 groups: sham-operated control, sham-operated EMIQ, overload-operated control, and overload-operated EMIQ groups. In Study 2, mice were divided into 3 groups: overload-operated whey control, overload-operated whey/EMIQ (low dose), and overload-operated whey/EMIQ (high dose) groups. The functional overload of the plantaris muscle was induced by ablation of the synergist (gastrocnemius and soleus) muscles. EMIQ and whey protein were administered with food. Three weeks after the operation, the cross-sectional area and minimal fiber diameter of the plantaris muscle fibers were measured.ResultsIn Study 1, functional overload increased the cross-sectional area and minimal fiber diameter of the plantaris muscle. EMIQ supplementation significantly increased the cross-sectional area and minimal fiber diameter of the plantaris muscle in both the sham-operated and overload-operated groups. In Study 2, EMIQ supplementation combined with whey protein administration significantly increased the cross-sectional area and minimal fiber diameter of the plantaris muscle.ConclusionEMIQ, even when administered as an addition to whey protein supplementation, significantly intensified the fiber hypertrophy of the plantaris muscle in functionally overloaded mice. EMIQ supplementation also induced fiber hypertrophy of the plantaris in sham-operated mice.

Quercetin and its metabolite isorhamnetin promote glucose uptake through different signalling pathways in myotubes

“…8B). Although EMIQ, which derives from rutin via enzymatic hydrolysis and contains a water soluble glucoside 56 , is not a natural product, it has recognized to be safe (Generally Recognized as Safe: GRAS) by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S.FDA). It is reported that EMIQ was administrated up to 2.5% in diet (approximately 1600 mg/kg body weight/day) in 13-week repeated oral toxicity study in rats 57 .…”

MBNL1-Associated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in C2C12 Myotubes and Mouse Skeletal Muscle

“…The images of muscle sections were incorporated into a personal computer by using a microscope (BZ-X710, KEYENCE, Osaka, Japan). Minimum diameter of individual fibers [ 47 ] in plantaris muscles were measured using Image J. At least 100 randomly selected myofibers were measured.…”

Effects of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin in supplementary protein powder on athlete body composition: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

“…Increases in lower limb lean mass and muscle mass were higher than in the EW group than in the W group. These results suggest that EMIQ supplementation may optimize the exercise effect and intensifies muscle hypertrophy in humans as they did in mice [11]. To clarify the detail mechanism of muscle hypertrophy due to EMIQ, further investigations will be needed.…”

“…Leelayuwat et al reported that quercetin administration increased the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscles in swimming rats and promoted recovery from muscle inflammation after severe exercise [10]. Moreover, we found that EMIQ, a water-soluble quercetin, intensified muscle hypertrophy in mice [11]. Therefore, we hypothesized that supplementation with EMIQ will produce positive changes in human muscles as well.…”