Oral supplementation with liposomal glutathione elevates body stores of glutathione and markers of immune function

Dhippayom

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

2019

Summary Background Glutathione is one of agents which is commonly used to lighten skin color in Asia as a dietary supplement. Previous studies suggest its potential effect of glutathione on skin color. However, the clinical efficacy of glutathione in oral form is still questionable due to its limited absorption and bioavailability. Aim To determine the clinical effects of glutathione on skin color and related skin conditions. Patients/Methods A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane library were searched from inceptions to October 2017. All clinical studies evaluating the effect of glutathione on any skin effects in healthy volunteer were included. Results A total of four studies were included. Three studies were RCTs with placebo control, while one was a single‐arm trial. One study used topical form, while others used oral form of glutathione with 250 to 500 mg/day. We found that both oral glutathione with the dosage of 500 mg/day and topical 2.0% oxidized glutathione could brighten skin color in sun‐exposed area measured by skin melanin index. No significant differences in the reduction in skin melanin index were observed in sun‐protected area for any products. In addition, glutathione also has a trend to improve skin wrinkle, skin elasticity, and UV spots. Some adverse events but nonserious were reported. Conclusions Current evidence of the skin whitening effect of glutathione is still inconclusive due to the quality of included studies and inconsistent findings. However, there is a trend that glutathione might brighten skin color at skin‐exposed area.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical effect of glutathione on skin color and other related skin conditions: A systematic review

Dhippayom

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

2019

“…Most variables indeed showed a carry-over effect across the change of diet. It was demonstrated that GSH plays an important role in maintenance of numerous immune functions including lymphocyte proliferation and NK cell activity [41]. Several clinical trials on RCR with tomato products showed an increase in antioxidant defences, in healthy humans [42] as well as in obese or diabetic patients [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomised Clinical Trial: Calorie Restriction Regimen with Tomato Juice Supplementation Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Preserves a Proper Immune Surveillance Modulating Mitochondrial Bioenergetics of T-Lymphocytes in Obese Children Affected by Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Negri

Trinchese

Carbone

et al. 2020

JCM

Fatty liver disease is a serious complication of childhood obesity. Calorie-restricted regimen (RCR) is one of the effective therapy for this condition. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene-rich tomato sauce with oregano and basil extracts in obese children with fatty liver on RCR. 61 obese children with fatty liver were enrolled, 52 completed the study. A randomized cross over clinical trial was performed. Participants were assigned to RCR alone or with a supplement of lycopene-rich tomato juice for 60 days; subsequently, the groups were switched to the alternative regimen for the next 60 days. Reduction in BMI, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, triglycerides, liver size, and steatosis was more profound in tomato-supplemented group. Leptin decreased in both groups whereas adiponectin raised only after tomato supplementation. RCR is associated with the impaired engagement of T-cells glycolysis and proliferation, tomato-supplementation resulted in glycolytic metabolic activation of T-cells. Tomato juice ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism in obese children, improve oxidative and inflammatory state and modulates the mitochondrial metabolism of T-cells contributing to a maintenance of a proper immune surveillance in children, impaired by RCR. The addition of tomato to RCR could be considered a protective and preventive support to obese child.

“…In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in biomarkers used to track oxidative stress such as 8-isoprostane and ratio of GSSG to GSH. There was also an increase in NK cell cytotoxicity by 400% by 2 weeks This study though has a low statistical power due to a small sample size, shows the efficacy of liposomal GSH in increasing GSH levels in vivo and reducing oxidative stress [ 132 ]. No randomized controlled trials have been done to compare serum or intracellular GSH levels with administration of liposomal GSH vs. non-liposomal GSH.…”

Section: Gsh and Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Supplementation as an Adjunctive Therapy in COVID-19

et al. 2020

Morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are due in large part to severe cytokine storm and hypercoagulable state brought on by dysregulated host-inflammatory immune response, ultimately leading to multi-organ failure. Exacerbated oxidative stress caused by increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) along with decreased levels of interferon α and interferon β (IFN-α, IFN-β) are mainly believed to drive the disease process. Based on the evidence attesting to the ability of glutathione (GSH) to inhibit viral replication and decrease levels of IL-6 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) patients, as well as beneficial effects of GSH on other pulmonary diseases processes, we believe the use of liposomal GSH could be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the epidemiology, transmission, and clinical presentation of COVID-19 with a focus on its pathogenesis and the possible use of liposomal GSH as an adjunctive treatment to the current treatment modalities in COVID-19 patients.