2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.05.007
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Breathing mode influence on craniofacial development and head posture

Abstract: Even in individuals with a normal facial growth pattern, when compared with nasal breathing individuals, oral breathing children present differences in airway dimensions. Among adolescents, these dissimilarities include structures in the facial development and hyoid bone position.

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Cited by 57 publications
(42 citation statements)
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“…Following full-text assessments, 25 articles were excluded: 5 articles had no control groups; 14 publications had low quality; 2 studies did not present metrics of interest; 2 studies were meta-analyses (although we excluded these articles, we included all the original studies); and one study's subjects were older than the target age range. Finally, a total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Among them, three studies contained subgroups.…”
Section: Eligible Studies and Study Characteristicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Following full-text assessments, 25 articles were excluded: 5 articles had no control groups; 14 publications had low quality; 2 studies did not present metrics of interest; 2 studies were meta-analyses (although we excluded these articles, we included all the original studies); and one study's subjects were older than the target age range. Finally, a total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Among them, three studies contained subgroups.…”
Section: Eligible Studies and Study Characteristicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…O modo respiratório alterado leva a maior exposição das vias aéreas superiores, acarretando o desenvolvimento inadequado do complexo crânio-facial, estando associado a funções anormais de mastigação, deglutição, postura da língua e lábios (6)(7)(8) . Além dos problemas de respiração, mastigação, deglutição, postura e tonicidade dos órgãos fonoarticulatórios, os respiradores orais podem apresentar também alterações na fala, voz, e postura corporal, que influenciam no desempenho de suas atividades (1,2,9) .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…Clínicamente, la RO se caracteriza por un aumento en la dimensión del tercio inferior de la cara, paladar profundo y estrecho, maloclusión clase II, mordida cruzada posterior y abierta anterior, labio superior corto e inferior evertido, retrusión mandibular, incremento en la lordosis cervical y (3) cabeza en posición adelantada (4) . Se ha reportado que la respiración oral causa un crecimiento facial anormal (5) , problemas de atención asociados con trastornos del sueño y una reducción en la calidad de vida (6) . Además, se ha informado una mayor carga de oxígeno en la corteza prefrontal al cambiar de la respiración nasal a la respiración bucal (7) .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified