Thymosin β4 is involved in the antimicrobial immune response of Golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus

Sun, Yun; Chen, Xiaojuan; Xu, Yue; Liu, Qiaohong; Jiang, Xue; Wang, Shifeng; Guo, Wei; Zhou, Yongcan

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.006

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most, as discussed, were members of the apolipoprotein family, or the complement cascade. In addition thymosin beta a potent bacteriostatic agent which has been shown to be involved in the antimicrobial immune response in teleosts [85] and may also have a role in the acceleration of wound healing [86] was consistently up-regulated in the serum at the later timepoints. Glutathione peroxidase, a cellular anti-oxidant which also regulates the antiviral immune response [87] was found here to be up-regulated in the serum but not the gill, which supports the findings of a previous study which demonstrated enhanced expression of peroxidases in serum but not mucus of AGD-affected salmon [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Initial Host Response of Naïve Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Inoculated with Paramoeba perurans

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD), caused by the ectoparasite Paramoeba perurans is characterised by hyperplasia of the gill epithelium and lamellar fusion. In this study, the initial host response of naïve Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) inoculated with P. perurans was investigated. Using gel-free proteomic techniques and mass spectrometry gill and serum samples were analysed at 7 timepoints (2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11 and 14 days) post-inoculation with P. perurans. Differential expression of immune related proteins was assessed by comparison of protein expression from each time point against naïve controls. Few host immune molecules associated with innate immunity showed increased expression in response to gill colonisation by amoebae. Furthermore, many proteins with roles in immune signalling, phagocytosis and T-cell proliferation were found to be inhibited upon disease progression. Initially, various immune factors demonstrated the anticipated increase in expression in response to infection in the serum while some immune inhibition became apparent at the later stages of disease progression. Taken together, the pro-immune trend observed in serum, the lack of a robust early immune response in the gill and the diversity of those proteins in the gill whose altered expression negatively impact the immune response, support the concept of a pathogen-derived suppression of the host response.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Initial Host Response of Naïve Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Inoculated with Paramoeba perurans

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mRNA expression pattern and changes in the temporal expression of TroBcl2 in response to LPS treatment were determined by qRT-PCR with the primers TroBcl2-RT-F and TroBcl2-RT-R (Table S1). The reference gene was beta-2microglobulin (B2M), which was confirmed in our previous study, and its expression level was measured with the primers B2M-RT-F and B2M-RT-R listed in Table S1 (37). The 2 −DDCt method was used to calculate the expression level of TroBcl2 relative to the control.…”

Section: Tissue Distribution Lps Challenge and Quantitative Real-time...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of B-cell lymphoma-2 in Trachinotus ovatus and its role in apoptotic process

Cao

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionB-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) is the first identified member of the Bcl-2 family that performs an anti-apoptotic function in mammals. However, its role in teleosts is not fully understood. In this study, Bcl-2 of Trachinotus ovatus (TroBcl2) was cloned, and its role in apoptosis was investigated.MethodsIn this study, Bcl-2 of Trachinotus ovatus (TroBcl2) was cloned by PCR. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect its mRNA expression level in healthy condition and after LPS stimulation. Subcellular localization was performed by transfecting the pTroBcl2-N3 plasmid into golden pompano snout (GPS) cells and observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope DMi8 and further verified by immunoblotting. In vivo overexpression and RNAi knockdown method were performed to evaluate the role of TroBcl2 in apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic activity of TroBcl2 was detected by flow cytometry. The effect of TroBcl2 on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by an enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit with JC-1. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was performed to evaluate the role of TroBcl2 in the DNA fragmentation. Immunoblotting was used to verify whether TroBcl2 inhibits the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. The Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 Activity Assay Kits were used to investigate the effect of TroBcl2 on caspase 3 and caspase 9 activities. The effects of TroBcl2 on the expression of apoptosis-related and nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway-related genes in vitro were evaluated by qRT-PCR and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the activity in NF-κB signaling pathway.Results and discussionThe full-length coding sequence of TroBcl2 contains 687 bp and encodes a protein containing 228 amino acids. Four conserved Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains and one invariant “NWGR” motif located in BH1 were identified in TroBcl2. In healthy T. ovatus, TroBcl2 was widely distributed in the eleven tested tissues, and higher expression levels were found in immune-related tissues, such as spleen and head kidney tissues. After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the expression of TroBcl2 in the head kidney, spleen, and liver was significantly upregulated. In addition, subcellular localization analysis revealed that TroBcl2 was localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Functional experiments showed that TroBcl2 inhibited apoptosis, possibly by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential loss, decreasing DNA fragmentation, preventing cytochrome c release into cytoplasm, and reducing the caspase 3 and caspase 9 activations. Moreover, upon LPS stimulation, overexpression of TroBcl2 suppressed the activation of several apoptosis-related genes, such as BOK, caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3, cytochrome c, and p53. Furthermore, knockdown of TroBcl2 significantly increased the expression of those apoptosis-related genes. In addition, TroBcl2 overexpression or knockdown induced or inhibited, respectively, the transcription of NF-κB and regulated the expression of genes (such as NF-κB1 and c-Rel) in the NF-κB signaling pathway as well as the expression of the downstream inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Overall, our study suggested that TroBcl2 performs its conserved anti-apoptotic function via the mitochondrial pathway and may serve as an anti-apoptotic regulator in T. ovatus.

show abstract

“…Thymosin β-4 (Tβ-4), which was first isolated from calf thymus 131 , is an anionic peptide that is highly conserved across marine and terrestrial species and is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and cell types, except erythrocytes [132][133][134] . In particular, Tβ-4 was identified in human platelets where the peptide had activity against S. aureus and E. coli that was enhanced by alkaline pH, although the mechanisms underlying this antibacterial activity were not determined 135 .…”

Section: Amps From Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, there appear to be few other reports in the literature of potential uses for human Tβ-4 based on its antimicrobial capacity, either indirect or direct 133,143 . However, Tβ-4 a variety of marine creatures have been shown to possess direct antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral action, clearly demonstrating their role as AMPs in the innate immune response of the host and the potential for development as antimicrobial agents 134,[157][158][159] . For example, derivatives of Tβ-4 from P. lividus were shown to be effective against biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa [140][141][142]160 , which are associated with multiple infections that are recalcitrant to conventional antibiotics 161,162 .…”

Section: Amps From Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides with pH-Dependent Activity and Alkaline Optima: Their Origins, Mechanisms of Action and Potential Applications

Phoenix

Harris

Dennison

2021

CPPS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

: A number of disorders and diseases are associated with conditions of high pH and many conventional antibiotics lose their efficacy under these pH conditions, generating a need for novel antimicrobials, and a potential solution to fulfil this need is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with high pH optima. This review shows that a variety of anionic and cationic AMPs with this pH dependency are produced by creatures across the eukaryotic kingdom, including humans, rabbits, cattle, sheep, fish and frogs. These AMPs exhibit activity against viruses, bacteria and fungi that involves membrane interactions and appear to be facilitated by a variety of mechanisms that generally promote passage across membranes to attack intracellular targets, such as DNA or protein synthesis, and / or membrane lysis. Some of these mechanisms are unknown but those elucidated include the use of bacterial pores and transporters, the self-promoted uptake pathway and established models of membrane interaction, such as the carpet mechanism, toroidal pore formation, the adoption of tilted peptide and the SHM model. A variety of potential roles have been proposed for these AMPs, including use as antivirals, antibacterials, antifungals, adjuvants to antimicrobial therapy, biomarkers of disease and probes for pathogenic microbes. In this review, these properties are described and discussed, with an emphasis on the antimicrobial mechanisms used by these AMPs and the pH dependency of these mechanisms.

show abstract

Thymosin β4 is involved in the antimicrobial immune response of Golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Investigation of the Initial Host Response of Naïve Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Inoculated with Paramoeba perurans

Investigation of the Initial Host Response of Naïve Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Inoculated with Paramoeba perurans

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of B-cell lymphoma-2 in Trachinotus ovatus and its role in apoptotic process

Antimicrobial Peptides with pH-Dependent Activity and Alkaline Optima: Their Origins, Mechanisms of Action and Potential Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About