Evolution of the IgE and IgG repertoire to a comprehensive array of allergen molecules in the first decade of life

Abstract

The evolution of IgG and IgE responses throughout childhood differs widely at population level. IgG responses are mostly directed to animal food allergens, while IgE responses are dominated by airborne allergens. However, a strong IgG response almost invariably precedes or accompanies the appearance of IgE to the same molecule in specifically sensitized subjects.

Recent developments and highlights in food allergy

“…As atopic disease progresses, epitope diversity increases. 29,37 IgE responses to a higher number of epitopes were linked to the severity of peanut and milk allergy. 36,40,41 Gieras et al demonstrated that closer proximity of epitopes results in a stronger IgE-dependent mediator release.…”

“…A Europe‐wide approach to study hazelnut allergy suggested that combinations of component‐resolved diagnosis (CRD)–based approaches with clinical history and extract data are superior to CRD alone . Recently, data on the evolution of the molecular IgE repertoire over the first 10 years were published on the Multicenter Allergy Study in Germany and cross‐sectional data on a high‐risk preschool cohort in North America and in a cross‐sectional Austrian cohort provided important data for future study design.…”

Reply to: “Allergen‐specific IgG responses preceding allergic sensitization”

“…On the contrary, levels of Bet v 1‐specific IgG antibodies in IgE‐negative sera are similar to those observed in the “default” response, that is in the never atopic controls (Figure B) Finally, new and old analyses of the data set produced by Huang et al show again that the serum IgG responses to inhaled molecules recognized by IgE in the same subject can be distinguished from the “default” IgG response (both, in atopic and in never atopic children) in terms of prevalence (Figure A), concentration (Figure B, Table ) and persistence (Figure 4B in Ref. ).…”

“…In the last years, we have examined the evolution of serum antibodies with a microarray assay (ISAC, ThermoFisher, Uppsala) in the sera of children participating in the Multicenter Allergy Study (MAS), a German birth cohort born in 1990 and followed until 20 years of age. Three of these papers focused on IgG antibodies in their relationship with IgE responses. The results of these can briefly be summarized as follows:…”

The WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature

“…The identification of individual allergenic proteins has led to new diagnostic in vitro tests using purified recombinant molecules including Thermo Scientific's ImmunoCAP ISAC, INDOOR Biotechnologies’ MARIA, Centri Associati de Allergologia Moleculare's FABER, and Macro Array Diagnostics’ ALEX. Reports on results of such tests are increasingly presented at scientific and clinical meetings and in publications . A number of studies presented at the EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2018 described IgE‐binding to purified nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTP) from foods and aeroallergen sources using microarray chip presentation of pure proteins.…”