Acute effects of exercise on appetite, ad libitum energy intake and appetite-regulatory hormones in lean and overweight/obese men and women

Douglas, Jessica A.; King, James A.; Clayton, David J.; Jackson, Andrew P.; Sargeant, Jack A; Thackray, Alice E.; Davies, Melanie J.; Stensel, David J.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.181

Cited by 79 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The authors reported that the exercise bout transiently suppressed perceptions of appetite to a similar extent in both adiposity groups (Figure 1), and did not alter energy or macronutrient intake in response to an ad libitum buffet meal provided 6 h after exercise cessation in either group [30]. Although this contrasts with previous findings, the disparity in ad libitum energy intake may be related to differences in meal timings or variations in meal composition.…”

Section: Acute Exercisecontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Further studies are needed, particularly in isoforms that are more implicated in appetite-regulation such as active PYY (PYY3-36) and active GLP-1 (GLP-17-37). On the contrary to total PYY and total GLP-1, Douglas and colleagues reported that concentrations of acylated ghrelin were not modified after exercise in the participants who were lean or those who were overweight/obese [30]. This may reflect the lower exercise intensity in this study (59% VȮ2 peak) compared with previous investigations reporting a suppression in acylated ghrelin at exercise intensities above 60% VȮ2 peak [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Acute Exercisecontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Although this contrasts with previous findings, the disparity in ad libitum energy intake may be related to differences in meal timings or variations in meal composition. With regard to appetite hormones, Douglas et al [30] reported that exercise-induced changes in total PYY and GLP-1 may be modulated by adiposity status, with the group who were overweight/obese exhibiting a greater elevation in total GLP-1 after exercise, whereas the group who were lean demonstrated a greater exercise-induced increase in total PYY. Although these changes may represent differences in appetite-related hormone regulation between individuals varying in adiposity status, these differences were small [53].…”

Section: Acute Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further investigate the effect of exercise on appetite responses in groups varying in adiposity status, Douglas et al [30] recently measured appetite, appetite-related hormones and ad libitum energy intake both during and for seven hours after 60 minutes of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise in individuals who were lean (BMI 19.6-24.5 kg·m -2 ) and individuals with overweight/obesity (BMI 25.3-35.4 kg·m -2 ) [30]. The authors reported that the exercise bout transiently suppressed perceptions of appetite to a similar extent in both adiposity groups (Figure 1), and did not alter energy or macronutrient intake in response to an ad libitum buffet meal provided 6 h after exercise cessation in either group [30].…”

Section: Acute Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Appetite perceptions typically return to resting control values within 30 to 60 min of exercise cessation [23,[25][26][27][28][29], and do not stimulate changes in energy or macronutrient intakes on the day of exercise [20,[30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Acute Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake and Appetite-Related Hormones: the Modulating Effect of Adiposity, Sex and Habitual Physical Activity

Dorling

Broom

Burns

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Exercise facilitates weight control, partly through effects on appetite regulation. Single bouts of exercise induce a short-term energy deficit without stimulating compensatory effects on appetite, whilst limited evidence suggests that exercise training may modify subjective and homeostatic mediators of appetite in directions associated with enhanced meal-induced satiety.However, large variability in responses exists between individuals. This article reviews the evidence relating to how adiposity, sex and habitual physical activity modulate exercise-induced appetite, energy intake and appetite-related hormone responses. The balance of evidence suggests that adiposity and sex do not modify appetite or energy intake responses to acute or chronic exercise interventions, but individuals with higher habitual physical activity levels may better adjust energy intake in response to energy balance perturbations. The effect of these individual characteristics and behaviours on appetite-related hormone responses to exercise remains equivocal. These findings support the continued promotion of exercise as a strategy for inducing short-term energy deficits irrespective of adiposity and sex, as well as the ability of exercise to positively influence energy balance over the longer term. Future well-controlled studies are required to further ascertain potential mediators of appetite responses to exercise.

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Section: Acute Exercisecontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Acute Exercisecontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Acute Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake and Appetite-Related Hormones: the Modulating Effect of Adiposity, Sex and Habitual Physical Activity

Dorling

Broom

Burns

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Consumption of probiotic yogurt and vitamin D‐fortified yogurt increases fasting level of GLP‐1 in obese adults undergoing low‐calorie diet: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial

Hajipoor

Hekmatdoost²,

Pasdar

et al. 2022

Food Science & Nutrition

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Energy restriction and manipulation of macronutrient composition of the diet are the main approaches that are used by people who aim to lose weight. When such strategies are employed, appetite and endocrine regulators of satiety, such as gut peptides, all are deeply affected. The gut microbiota–brain axis controls energy homeostasis in humans by affecting central satiety and gut peptides. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the synergistic effect of probiotics and vitamin D in yogurt matrix can modulate this effect. In the double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, 140 obese adults were randomly allocated into four groups: 1) regular yogurt plus low‐calorie diet; 2) PY plus low‐calorie diet; 3) vitamin D‐fortified yogurt plus low‐calorie diet, and 4) probiotic and vitamin D co‐fortified yogurt plus low‐calorie diet. All groups were encouraged to increase their physical activity. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), peptide Tyrosin‐Tysrosin (PYY), ghrelin, anthropometric variables, insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance/sensitivity, 1,25(OH)2 D3, dietary intake, and physical activity were measured before and after 10 weeks. The difference between groups for GLP‐1 after 10 weeks was significant after adjusting for baseline GLP‐1 and protein intake as confounders. PY showed the largest effect size (ES) on GLP‐1 (p = 14.2) and FBS (p = 14) compared with others. Pairwise comparison of yogurts effect sizes on GLP‐1 showed a significant difference in group 1 vs. group 2 (p = .001), group 1 vs. group 3 (p = .003), and group 1 vs. group 4 (p = .048). Vitamin D‐fortified yogurt had the largest effect size on the serum level of vitamin D and it showed a significant difference with RY (p = .018) and PY (p = .002). Consumption of vitamin D‐fortified yogurt and PY could be regarded as a promising approach during calorie restriction.

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Impact of Energy Turnover on the Regulation of Energy and Macronutrient Balance

Bosy‐Westphal

Hägele

Müller

2021

Obesity

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Energy turnover, defined as the average daily total metabolic rate, can be normalized for basal metabolic rate in order to compare physical activity level between individuals, whereas normalization of energy turnover for energy intake (energy flux) allows investigation of its impact on regulation of energy partitioning independent of energy balance. Appetite sensations better correspond to energy requirements at a high compared with a low energy turnover. Adaptation of energy intake to habitual energy turnover may, however, contribute to the risk of weight gain associated with accelerated growth, pregnancy, detraining in athletes, or after weight loss in people with obesity. The dose–response relationship between energy turnover and energy intake as well as the metabolic effects of energy turnover varies with the habitual level of physical activity and the etiology of energy turnover (e.g., cold‐induced thermogenesis, growth, or lactation; aerobic vs. anaerobic exercise). Whether a high energy turnover due to physical activity or exercise may compensate for adverse effects of overfeeding or an unhealthy diet needs to be further investigated using the concept of energy flux. In summary, the beneficial effects of a high energy turnover on regulation of energy and macronutrient balance facilitate the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic risk.

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Acute effects of exercise on appetite, ad libitum energy intake and appetite-regulatory hormones in lean and overweight/obese men and women

Cited by 79 publications

References 50 publications

Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake and Appetite-Related Hormones: the Modulating Effect of Adiposity, Sex and Habitual Physical Activity

Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake and Appetite-Related Hormones: the Modulating Effect of Adiposity, Sex and Habitual Physical Activity

Consumption of probiotic yogurt and vitamin D‐fortified yogurt increases fasting level of GLP‐1 in obese adults undergoing low‐calorie diet: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial

Impact of Energy Turnover on the Regulation of Energy and Macronutrient Balance

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