Abstract:Ubiquitination is a common regulatory mechanism, playing a critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotes. However, a few reports on the functional correlation between E3 ubiquitin ligases and reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) metabolism in response to stress are currently available in plants. In the present study, the E3 ubiquitin ligase gene AdBiL (Adi3 Binding E3 Ligase) was introduced into tomato line Ailsa Craig via Agrobacterium-mediated method.… Show more
“…Many of these target genes were involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP), including E3 ubiquitin ligase enzymes (F-box family protein, ring finger protein and U-box protein) and the 26S proteasome. E3 ubiquitin ligases play an important role in regulating the plant response to abiotic stress by regulating the abundance of critical stress-responsive transcription factors [ 49 , 50 ]. In our study, miR6475 was down-regulated under high-temperature stress and up-regulated after exogenous Spd treatment.…”
BackgroundHigh-temperature stress inhibited the growth of cucumber seedlings. Foliar spraying of 1.0 mmol·L− 1 exogenous spermidine (Spd) to the sensitive cucumber cultivar ‘Jinchun No. 2’ grown at high-temperature (42 °C/32 °C) in an artificial climate box improved the high-temperature tolerance. Although there have been many reports on the response of microRNAs (miRNAs) to high-temperature stress, the mechanism by which exogenous Spd may mitigate the damage of high-temperature stress through miRNA-mediated regulation has not been studied.ResultsTo elucidate the regulation of miRNAs in response to exogenous Spd-mediated improvement of high-temperature tolerance, four small RNA libraries were constructed from cucumber leaves and sequenced: untreated-control (CW), Spd-treated (CS), high-temperature stress (HW), and Spd-treated and high-temperature stress (HS). As a result, 107 known miRNAs and 79 novel miRNAs were identified. Eight common differentially expressed miRNAs (miR156d-3p, miR170-5p, miR2275-5p, miR394a, miR479b, miR5077, miR5222 and miR6475) were observed in CS/CW, HW/CW, HS/CW and HS/HW comparison pairs, which were the first set of miRNAs that responded to not only high-temperature stress but also exogenous Spd in cucumber seedlings. Five of the eight miRNAs were predicted to target 107 potential genes. Gene function and pathway analyses highlighted the integral role that these miRNAs and target genes probably play in the improvement of the high-temperature tolerance of cucumber seedlings through exogenous Spd application.ConclusionsOur study identified the first set of miRNAs associated with the exogenous Spd-mediated improvement of high-temperature tolerance in cucumber seedlings. The results could help to promote further studies on the complex molecular mechanisms underlying high-temperature tolerance in cucumber and provide a theoretical basis for the high-quality and efficient cultivation of cucumber with high-temperature resistance.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4678-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…Many of these target genes were involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP), including E3 ubiquitin ligase enzymes (F-box family protein, ring finger protein and U-box protein) and the 26S proteasome. E3 ubiquitin ligases play an important role in regulating the plant response to abiotic stress by regulating the abundance of critical stress-responsive transcription factors [ 49 , 50 ]. In our study, miR6475 was down-regulated under high-temperature stress and up-regulated after exogenous Spd treatment.…”
BackgroundHigh-temperature stress inhibited the growth of cucumber seedlings. Foliar spraying of 1.0 mmol·L− 1 exogenous spermidine (Spd) to the sensitive cucumber cultivar ‘Jinchun No. 2’ grown at high-temperature (42 °C/32 °C) in an artificial climate box improved the high-temperature tolerance. Although there have been many reports on the response of microRNAs (miRNAs) to high-temperature stress, the mechanism by which exogenous Spd may mitigate the damage of high-temperature stress through miRNA-mediated regulation has not been studied.ResultsTo elucidate the regulation of miRNAs in response to exogenous Spd-mediated improvement of high-temperature tolerance, four small RNA libraries were constructed from cucumber leaves and sequenced: untreated-control (CW), Spd-treated (CS), high-temperature stress (HW), and Spd-treated and high-temperature stress (HS). As a result, 107 known miRNAs and 79 novel miRNAs were identified. Eight common differentially expressed miRNAs (miR156d-3p, miR170-5p, miR2275-5p, miR394a, miR479b, miR5077, miR5222 and miR6475) were observed in CS/CW, HW/CW, HS/CW and HS/HW comparison pairs, which were the first set of miRNAs that responded to not only high-temperature stress but also exogenous Spd in cucumber seedlings. Five of the eight miRNAs were predicted to target 107 potential genes. Gene function and pathway analyses highlighted the integral role that these miRNAs and target genes probably play in the improvement of the high-temperature tolerance of cucumber seedlings through exogenous Spd application.ConclusionsOur study identified the first set of miRNAs associated with the exogenous Spd-mediated improvement of high-temperature tolerance in cucumber seedlings. The results could help to promote further studies on the complex molecular mechanisms underlying high-temperature tolerance in cucumber and provide a theoretical basis for the high-quality and efficient cultivation of cucumber with high-temperature resistance.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4678-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…First, E3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in response to biotic stresses. The ATL subfamily that contains the conserved RING-H2 domain is activated by the elicitor and plays important roles in disease resistance, possibly through the regulation of the elicitor-signaling pathway, including chitin ( Serrano and Guzman, 2004 ; Berrocal-Lobo et al, 2010 ; Ni et al, 2010 ; Chen et al, 2017 ; Deng et al, 2017 ). The U-box domain family of E3 ubiquitin ligases also plays important roles in defense response.…”
E3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in many processes, regulating the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, 11 E3 ubiquitin ligase genes from Arabidopsis, which were hypothesized to function in response to biotic or abiotic stresses were selected, and the homologous genes in rice were found. Their functions were analyzed in rice. These 11 E3 ubiquitin ligase genes showed different patterns of expression under different treatments. The BMV:OsPUB39-infiltrated seedlings showed decreased resistance to Magnaporthe grisea (M. grisea) when compared with BMV:00-infiltrated seedlings, whereas the BMV:OsPUB34- and BMV:OsPUB33-infiltrated seedlings showed increased resistance. The involvement of these genes in the resistance against M. grisea may be attributed to the regulation of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression levels of defense-related genes. Seedlings infiltrated by BMV:OsATL69 showed decreased tolerance to drought stress, whereas BMV:OsPUB33-infiltraed seedlings showed increased tolerance, possibly through the regulation of proline content, sugar content, and expression of drought-responsive genes. BMV:OsATL32-infiltrated seedlings showed decreased tolerance to cold stress by regulating malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the expression of cold-responsive genes.
“…In particular, ubiquitination of proteins is a major type of post‐translational modification, through which, one or more small protein molecules called ubiquitin (Ub) are bound to the substrate proteins, followed by degradation of the ubiquitinated proteins via the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) (Di Giacomo et al, 2013; Hasan et al, 2017; Yu et al, 2020). UPS‐mediated protein degradation is vital for cellular protein homeostasis, protein quality control system, and plant‐environment interactions (Chen et al, 2017; Hasan et al, 2017; Lyzenga & Stone, 2012; Sadanandom et al, 2012; Yu et al, 2016). Ubiquitination also controls the abundance of regulatory proteins through the UPS (Stone, 2019; Zhang et al, 2015).…”
Heavy metal pollution not only decreases crop yield and quality, but also affects human health via the food chain. Ubiquitination‐dependent protein degradation is involved in plant growth, development, and environmental interaction, but the functions of ubiquitin‐ligase (E3) genes are largely unknown in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Here, we functionally characterized a RING E3 ligase gene, SlRING1, which positively regulates cadmium (Cd) tolerance in tomato plants. An in vitro ubiquitination experiment shows that SlRING1 has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The determination of the subcellular localization reveals that SlRING1 is localized at both the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Overexpression of SlRING1 in tomato increased the chlorophyll content, the net photosynthetic rate, and the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), but reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species and relative electrolyte leakage under Cd stress. Moreover, SlRING1 overexpression increased the transcript levels of CATALASE (CAT), DEHYDROASCORBATE REDUCTASE (DHAR), MONODEHYDROASCORBATE REDUCTASE (MDHAR), GLUTATHIONE (GSH1), and PHYTOCHELATIN SYNTHASE (PCS), which contribute to the antioxidant and detoxification system. Crucially, SlRING1 overexpression also reduced the concentrations of Cd in both shoots and roots. Thus, SlRING1‐overexpression‐induced enhanced tolerance to Cd is ascribed to reduced Cd accumulation and alleviated oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that SlRING1 is a positive regulator of Cd tolerance, which can be a potential breeding target for improving heavy metal tolerance in horticultural crops.
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