Biostable Scaffolds of Polyacrylate Polymers Implanted in the Articular Cartilage Induce Hyaline-Like Cartilage Regeneration in Rabbits

Abstract

Cartilage regeneration depends mainly on the properties of the scaffold, such as stiffness and hydrophilicity, whereas little difference was observed between preseeded and non-preseeded scaffolds.

A cell‐free approach with a supporting biomaterial in the form of dispersed microspheres induces hyaline cartilage formation in a rabbit knee model

“…A rabbit knee model has been widely used as an in vivo model for articular cartilage regeneration (Bonasia et al, ; Dashtdar et al, ). Our group has previously studied the regeneration of articular cartilage in a rabbit knee model using the combination of a macroporous implant and the stimulation of the subchondral bone by microfracture (Lebourg et al, ; Martinez‐Diaz et al, ; Sancho‐Tello et al, ; Sancho‐Tello et al, ). The results pointed to the displacement of the implanted biomaterial out of the area of regeneration penetrating the subchondral bone, allowing a tissue with the histological characteristics of the hyaline cartilage to form between the scaffold and the articular surface.…”

“…Bioresorbable polyesters such as polylactide (PLA) (Chu et al, ; Conoscenti et al, ) or polycaprolactone (PCL) (Martinez‐Diaz et al, ; Vikingsson et al, ) have been used previously in cartilage engineering animal models. Cell‐free strategies using PCL (Martinez‐Diaz et al, ; Vikingsson et al, ) or biostable acrylic scaffolds of varying stiffness (Sancho‐Tello et al, ; Sancho‐Tello et al, ) probed in rabbit knee models their capacity to induce the formation of histologically high‐quality tissue with the characteristics of hyaline cartilage. To increase the wettability of these hydrophobic materials, their combinations with hydrophilic coatings have been proposed (Lebourg et al, ).…”

Cartilage of Knee: Anatomy, Function and Recent Conservative Treatments

“…In reality, the manufacture of biomaterials has advanced significantly over the last 20 years, which could have a positive effect on cartilage regeneration. Regarding biomaterials, there are many formulations being developed, from the use of biostable and biodegradable compounds to the modern use of polypeptides with improved chemistry, which can be used to naturally induce regeneration [24]. The methods used to cure joint cartilage defects, however, have some drawbacks.…”

Rapid fabrication and screening of tailored functional 3D biomaterials: Validation in bone tissue repair – Part II

“…To achieve this, synthetic polymer scaffolds have been explored as substrates for supporting stem and progenitor cell growth and function [1]. For example, acrylatebased scaffolds have found wide applications in musculoskeletal regeneration including regeneration of cartilage, with evidence of excellent tissue regeneration three months post-implantation [2]. Moreover, acrylate coatings have been shown to enhance endothelial coverage and improve biomechanical properties of vascular grafts [3].…”