“…Finally, RPA and tHDA are prone to developing primer artifacts and easily succumb to contamination. 94 Since most PON settings are not sterile environments and lack experienced lab technicians, improvements must be made to these amplification strategies in order to achieve successful implementation in resource-poor settings. These issues, along with sample processing challenges, limit the widespread application of these tests.…”
“…Finally, RPA and tHDA are prone to developing primer artifacts and easily succumb to contamination. 94 Since most PON settings are not sterile environments and lack experienced lab technicians, improvements must be made to these amplification strategies in order to achieve successful implementation in resource-poor settings. These issues, along with sample processing challenges, limit the widespread application of these tests.…”
“…The most common isothermal amplification methods are loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) [42,43], nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), rolling circle amplification (RCA), nicking enzyme-mediated amplification (NEMA), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), helicase-dependent amplification (HDA), multiple displacement amplification (MDA), and transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) depending on the detection techniques [44,45]. Using this type of LFAs, lower detection limit of Salmonella such as 20 fg of target DNA or 1.05 × 10 1 cfu of bacteria in pure culture [46] or 1.3-1.9 cfu/g or 1.3-1.9 cfu/mL of Salmonella in contaminated chicken products can be achieved after enrichment [47]. The assay sensitivity may also show variety according to the length of amplicon or target [48].…”
Salmonella is among the very important pathogens threating human and animal health. It is a common food pathogen transmitted from animals to humans via contaminated food, drinking water, and air. It invades the intestinal tract of hosts and causes salmonellosis leading to death. S. enteritidis was the most common species accounted for all salmonellosis cases. S. typhimurium is also another significant species causing the serious cases worldwide. To ensure public health, early detection of pathogens is crucial. Lateral flow assay (LFA), immunochromatographic assay, is a simple and rapid diagnostic test kits used in various fields and can be developed by, aptamers, antibodies (Abs), and nucleic acids. They are also being continued to develop different capture reagents coming from the recombinant technology. It has many advantages such as having mature technology, market presence, low cost, easy to use for end users without education, and stable shelf life. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are the most commonly used labels in the LFAs for the naked-eye analysis. Therefore, Salmonella detection by LFA based on GNPs in a rapid and simple way is always open to be developed by new reagents and methods.
“…A schematic depiction of the principle of GNP‐based LFA to target genomic DNA ( inv A gene) amplified by thermophilic HAD for Salmonella detection. The inv A gene is labeled with digoxin and biotin (Du et al, ). Reprinted with permission from Du et al ().…”
Section: Single Detection Of Foodborne Pathogensmentioning
A late detection of pathogenic microorganisms in food and drinking water has a high potential to cause adverse health impacts in those who have ingested the pathogens. For this reason there is intense interest in developing precise, rapid and sensitive assays that can detect multiple foodborne pathogens. Such assays would be valuable components in the campaign to minimize foodborne illness. Here, we discuss the emerging types of assays based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for rapidly diagnosing single or multiple foodborne pathogen infections. Colorimetric and lateral flow assays based on GNPs may be read by the human eye. Refractometric sensors based on a shift in the position of a plasmon resonance absorption peak can be read by the new generation of inexpensive optical spectrometers. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and the quartz microbalance require slightly more sophisticated equipment but can be very sensitive. A wide range of electrochemical techniques are also under development. Given the range of options provided by GNPs, we confidently expect that some, or all, of these technologies will eventually enter routine use for detecting pathogens in food.
This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
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