Xanthophylls increased HDLC level and nuclear factor PPARγ, RXRγ and RARα expression in hens and chicks

Abstract

SummaryThis study was designed to investigate effects of xanthophylls on serum lipid profile (triglyceride, TG; cholesterol, CHO; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDLC; and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDLC) and nuclear factor (peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma, PPARγ; PPAR gamma coactivator 1 alpha, PGC1α; retinoid X receptor gamma, RXRγ; and retinoic acid receptor alpha, RARα) gene expression of breeding hens and chicks. In experiment 1, 432 hens were divided into three groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 (as control group), 20 or 40 mg/kg xanthophylls.Blood was sampled at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of trial. Liver, duodenum, jejunum and ileum were sampled at 35 days of trial. Results showed that serum HDLC level of hens was increased after dietary 40 mg/kg xanthophyll addition for 21, 28 and 35 days, while serum TG, CHO and LDLC were not affected. Xanthophyll addition also increased PPARγ expression in jejunum, RXRγ expression in duodenum and jejunum, and RARα expression in liver and duodenum. Experiment 2 was a 2 × 2 factorial design. Male chicks hatched from 0 or 40 mg/kg xanthophyll diet of hens were fed diet containing either 0 or 40 mg/kg xanthophylls. Liver, duodenum, jejunum and ileum were sampled at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days after hatching. Blood samples were also collected at 21 days. Results showed that in ovo xanthophylls elevated PPARγ in duodenum and jejunum, and RXRγ and RARα in liver of chicks mainly within 1 week after hatching, while dietary xanthophylls increased serum HDLC level and PPARγ and RXRγ in liver from 2 weeks onwards. In conclusion, our research suggested xanthophylls can regulate serum lipid profile and nuclear factor expression in hens and chicks. K E Y W O R D Schicks, hens, lipid profile, nuclear factor, xanthophylls

Effects of lutein on jejunal mucosal barrier function and inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-challenged yellow-feather broilers

“…Our previous study has shown that intraperitoneal injection of LPS can cause intestinal villi atrophy, intestinal microflora change, intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage ( Gao et al, 2018a ). Hence, we established an immunological stress model of broilers (1 mg/kg LPS challenge was performed intraperitoneally at 21, 23, and 25 d of age), demonstrated that LPS injection induced significant growth performance degradation and intestinal inflammatory responses in broilers ( Gao et al, 2018b ). Therefore, some safe and effective nutritional additives to modulate the immune function are of great significance to protect chicken from immunological stress.…”

Lutein supplementation combined with a low-calorie diet in middle-aged obese individuals: effects on anthropometric indices, body composition and metabolic parameters

“…The current hypothesis that lutein Accepted manuscript could improve body composition was primarily based on the interaction of lutein with the nuclear receptors such as retinoic acid receptor (RAR), retinoid X receptor (RXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and subsequent increase in energy expenditure (Figure 3). Data from animal or in vitro studies demonstrated that lutein and its metabolites, as natural agonists for the nuclear RAR could activate RAR/RXR heterodimers which interact with retinoic acid response elements located in the retinoic acid-responsive genes and thereby regulate transcription of various genes involved in adipocyte metabolisms such as CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBPs) and PPARs (46)(47)(48)(49) . Moreover, lutein may also involve in the expression of PPARs target genes.…”

“…3). Data from animal or in vitro studies demonstrated that lutein and its metabolites, as natural agonists for the nuclear retinoic acid receptor, could activate retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor heterodimers which interact with retinoic acid response elements located in the retinoic acid-responsive genes and thereby regulate transcription of various genes involved in adipocyte metabolisms such as CCAAT-enhancer binding protein and PPAR (46)(47)(48)(49) . Moreover, lutein may also involve in the expression of PPAR target genes.…”

Sources, dynamics in vivo, and application of astaxanthin and lutein in laying hens: A review

“…However, few data are available which examine the effects of lutein supplementation on hematologic and hepatic parameters in hens. Adding lutein at 40 mg/kg in the diet of laying hens increased cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, caspase-3, B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 and HDL cholesterol in the liver, but did not increase serum triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL ( Gao et al., 2018 ). Adding marigold flower meal did not affect the content of crude fat and cholesterol in the yolk of Hy-Line gray hens ( Xin et al., 2022 ).…”