A Low Psoas Muscle Index before Treatment Can Predict a Poorer Prognosis in Advanced Bladder Cancer Patients Who Receive Gemcitabine and Nedaplatin Therapy

Abstract

Introduction. Gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) is a gold-standard first-line systemic chemotherapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, it may cause severe adverse effects such as renal toxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, and neurotoxicity. Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. A correlation between sarcopenia and the oncological prognosis has been reported. In UC, several studies have noted that patients with sarcopenia had a greater incidence of complications and worse survival after radical cystectomy or chemotherapy. Our institute introduced gemcitabine and nedaplatin (GN) for UC patients with renal failure. We investigated whether the presence of sarcopenia predicted the prognosis of patients with advanced UC who were treated by GN chemotherapy. Methods. A total of 27 patients (male, n = 21; female, n = 6) received GN therapy for metastatic UC from 2005 to 2016. The institutional review board of Yokohama City University Hospital approved this study. The psoas muscle index (PMI, cm2/m2) was calculated using this formula: right psoas muscle area (cm2)/the square of the body height (m2). The overall survival (OS) of the high PMI group (male: ≥2.49, female: ≥2.07) and low PMI group (male: <2.49, female: <2.07) was compared. Results. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and a log-rank test revealed that the high PMI group had significantly better OS than the low PMI group (p = 0.015). The mean survival of the high and low PMI groups was 561 days and 223 days, respectively. Conclusions. In the present study, we revealed that sarcopenia (a low psoas muscle volume) might be a predictive factor for poorer overall survival in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who are undergoing GN chemotherapy.

A low psoas muscle volume predicts longer hospitalization and cancer recurrence in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma

“…There as well, a low PMI was associated with a poorer oncological outcome than a high PMI (9,10). Other recent studies have revealed that sarcopenia is a risk factor for postoperative complications or a poor survival in some solid cancers.…”

Quantitative analysis of skeletal muscle by computed tomography imaging—State of the art

“…However, most often, only a small range (several centimetres) of a muscle is scanned to reduce the radiation dose. In this case, area and volume measurements need to be normalized, for example, to the square of the body height [24] , [39] , [52] , [53] , to be representative regarding fatty infiltration assessment. The trunk muscle area at the L4-5 level or 5 cm above is highly correlated with the total body skeletal muscle volume (r 2 > 0.8) [54] .…”

Impact of Sarcopenia as a Prognostic Biomarker of Bladder Cancer

“…Four studies evaluated the prognostic role of sarcopenia in patients with inoperable advanced bladder cancer ( Table 1 ) [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Because upper tract urothelial carcinoma is histologically and biologically similar to bladder cancer, three of them included advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma in their cohorts [ 51 , 52 , 54 ].…”

“…Taguchi et al reported that sarcopenia is an independent predictor for shorter CSS in metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients receiving systemic chemotherapy as the first-line therapy [ 52 ]. Kasahara et al showed the prognostic significance of sarcopenia in advanced bladder cancer patients receiving gemcitabine and nedaplatin therapy [ 53 ]. In addition, Abe et al could not confirm the significance of sarcopenia in predicting OS, but they showed that SMI stratified by BMI was an independent predictor for shorter OS [ 54 ].…”