Effects of Ca/P molar ratios on regulating biological functions of hybridized carbon nanofibers containing bioactive glass nanoparticles

Abstract

Biological functions of hybridized carbon nanofibers (CNFs) depend closely on the incorporated bioactive components. For hybridized CNFs containing bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles (CNF/BG), chemical compositions of BG nanoparticles might have decisive effects on their cell affinity and osteocompatibility. Herein, three hybridized CNF/BGs were produced by incorporating 68S-type BG nanoparticles with different Ca/P molar ratios (1.0, 1.67 or 2.5) into CNFs via a sol-gel/electrospinning and carbonization method. Structural evolution of these hybridized CNF/BGs was studied in relation to their Ca/P molar ratios. Crystalline wollastonite was found to be the dominant phase at a high feeding Ca/P molar ratio (i.e. 2.5), but weak crystallized hydroxyapatite was the main phase at the low feeding Ca/P molar ratio (i.e. 1.0). These findings were correlated to the biological functions of the resulted CNF/BG hybrids including apatite formation ability in simulated body fluid and osteoblast behaviors in in vitro culture. All the CNF/BG hybrids displayed a strong affinity for inducing apatite deposition, showing insignificant difference after the initial nucleation stage, while they behaved differently in promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. The fastest proliferation rate and the highest expression of alkaline phosphatase activity was found on the CNF/BG (Ca/P = 1.0). The results suggested a feasible way to upregulate osteoblast behaviors is by changing the feeding Ca/P molar ratios in the preparation of CNF/BG hybrids for potential bone repairing applications.

Ceramic Nanofiber Materials for Wound Healing and Bone Regeneration: A Brief Review

“…Many types of nanofibrous composites have been produced, with the aim of mimicking the natural extracellular bone tissue matrix [ 115 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 ]. In recent years, hybridized carbon nanofibers (CNFs) containing inorganic nanoparticles have been reported as materials with great potential for bone tissue repair [ 54 , 175 ]. When compared to organic–inorganic nanofibers, CNF hybrids have distinguished characteristics for bone repair, as they favor the fixation and proliferation of bone cells, such as osteoblasts and bone mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs).…”

“…Furthermore, nanofibers with different and complex morphology, such as a porous, hollow, or core-shell structure, can be produced with these methods [ 39 , 51 ], expanding the use of these ceramic nanofibers in biomedical applications. Among the materials produced by these techniques, titania, calcium phosphate, alumina, zirconia, calcium silicate, silica, and bioactive glasses can be cited [ 23 , 45 , 48 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

A New Insight into Coating’s Formation Mechanism Between TiO2 and Alendronate on Titanium Dental Implant

“…Bioceramic coatings, like sphene-based (CaTiSiO 5 ) coatings, can promote early cell/implant surface interactions and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation due to Ca and Si dissolution from the sphene coating [ 17 , 18 ]. In addition, bioactive glasses are used as bioactive coatings for bone scaffolds [ 19 ] and for porous titanium implants [ 20 ]. Coatings based on the organic bone phase are also used for improving implant/bone responses [ 1 , 2 , 4 ].…”

Fabrication and Characterization of Bioglass

“…All the samples shown that the apatite layer begins to be appeared after immersion but did not covered the entire surface as shown in figures 8, 9 and 10. The Ca/P ratio values of All samples before and after immersion were also different as shown below in the table 2 below; The glass has higher Ca/P ratio has higher tendancy to form Ca layer which is useful in biomedical applications than lower Ca/P ratio after immersion [14].…”