Pediatric Headache: An Overview

Langdon, Raquel; DiSabella, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.01.002

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…In fact, in younger age groups, males are at higher risk of headaches as compared to females . The risk of headache in females increases after the onset of puberty and peaks at young adulthood . In our analysis, the odds of headache in children with ACEs were not meaningfully modified by age, race, or income examined in secondary analyses.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Specifically, gender differences in headache risk may not be seen in children until the onset of puberty. In fact, in younger age groups, males are at higher risk of headaches as compared to females . The risk of headache in females increases after the onset of puberty and peaks at young adulthood .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No distinction between tension‐type headaches and migraine could be made in the current study. It is known that tension‐type headaches are more common in younger children as compared to migraine and a study in adults showed that emotional abuse was associated with migraine but not with tension‐type headaches . The distinction between headache types is important and future studies need to examine the impact of ACEs on distinct headache types in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Headaches Among Children: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis

et al. 2020

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Objectives This cross‐sectional study examined the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and history of frequent headaches (including migraine) among children 3‐17 years old using data from the 2016 and 2017 U.S. National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). Background ACEs include abuse (physical, emotional, or sexual), parental divorce, death, mental illness, or addiction, and are linked to higher morbidity and mortality in adulthood. A relationship between ACEs and headaches exists among adults, but studies examining the relationship among children are lacking. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the link among children using NSCH data. Methods The NSCH is a nationally representative survey of U.S. children’s physical and emotional well‐being aimed at understanding their health needs. Parental‐reported information was collected on child history of headaches and 9 ACEs for the selected child. The survey collected information on 71,881 children in 2016 and 2017 out of which 61,565 were eligible for the study (age ≥3 years and not missing data on history headaches). Children with missing values for headache, ACEs, or covariates (n = 58,958) were excluded from the final analysis. We used multivariable logistic regression with survey weighting and adjusted for demographics and comorbidities (anxiety, depression, epilepsy, and brain injury) to examine the association between ACEs and headaches overall and stratified by gender. We further assessed the independent relationship between each ACE and headaches. Results In the current study, out of 61,656 children, 26,884 (48.6%) experienced at least 1 ACE and 3426 (6.5%) experienced 4+ ACEs. Overall, compared with children with no ACEs, the adjusted odds of headache were 1.34 times higher among children with 1 reported ACE (95% CI: 1.07, 1.68), 2.15 times higher among children with 2 ACEs (95% CI: 1.66, 2.80), 1.89 times higher among children with 3 ACEs (95% CI: 1.40, 2.53), and 3.40 times higher among children with 4+ ACEs (95% CI: 2.61, 4.43). Females with 3 and 4+ ACEs were somewhat more likely to report headaches compared to males with the same number of ACEs. Individually, no ACE was independently associated with history of headaches except for difficulty due to family’s income (aOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.98, 3.06). Conclusion Experiencing one or more ACEs vs none was associated with higher risk of headaches in children, and difficulty due to family’s income was the only ACE independently associated with headaches. Our findings support results of other studies on ACEs and headache in young adults and suggest that adverse ACE‐related health outcomes begin earlier than previously recognized. Additionally, struggling due to low income may represent a constellation of chronic stressors that independently contribute to poor health outcomes in childhood as compared to other individual ACEs. Future research should examine the importance of specific ACE clusters and stressors during childhood.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Headaches Among Children: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…Pharmacological treatment for acute episodes typically include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, and triptans. As with adults, appropriate administration is needed in order to be effective, with specific attention being given to providing information about the risk for medication overuse headache ( 3 ). Among preventive drugs, antiepileptics such as topiramate, are considered as first-line treatment ( 4 ), and several drugs used in the prevention of migraine in adults are commonly prescribed for children ( 5 , 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-pharmacological Approaches for Headaches in Young Age: An Updated Review

Andrasik

Grazzi²,

Sansone³

et al. 2018

Front. Neurol.

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Headache disorders are common in children and adolescents. Most of the studies on non-pharmacological treatments have however been carried out on adults. In this review we provide information on recent studies examining non-pharmacological approaches for managing headache in children and adolescents. Our search of SCOPUS for primary studies conducted between January 2010 and July 2018 uncovered 11 controlled studies, mostly addressing behavioral approaches, in which a total of 613 patients with a diagnosis of primary headache, and average age 10.2–15.7 years (30–89% females) were recruited. Non-pharmacological treatments were shown to produce sizeable effects on the classical primary endpoint, i.e., headache frequency, with reductions from baseline ranging between 34 and 78%. Among commonly reported secondary endpoints, particularly disability, quality of life, depression and anxiety, marked improvements were noted as well. Taken as a whole, our findings suggest that non-pharmacological treatments constitute a valid option for the prevention of primary headaches in young age. Future research with higher-quality studies is needed. Particular attention needs to be given to studies that randomize patients to condition, blind researchers in charge of evaluating treatment outcomes, routinely include headache frequency as the primary endpoint, include adequate-length follow-up, address changes in biomarkers of disease and other possible mediators of outcome, and that employ predictive models to enhance the level of evidence for these approaches.

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“…According to a recent review covering epidemiological studies published in the past 25 years, the estimated overall mean prevalence of headache among children and adolescents was 54.4% (range: 43.1–65.8), and it resulted more common in female than male subjects ( 2 ). Tension-type headache (TTH) and migraines are the most common types of primary headache in pediatric patients ( 3 , 4 ). Several studies found an impairment in memory and attention abilities in adult population of migraneurs ( 5 – 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Verbal Cognitive Abilities in Children and Adolescents Affected by Migraine and Tension-Type Headache: An Observational Study Using the Leiter-3

et al. 2018

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Headache is one of the most common neurological disorders in developmental age. Several studies investigated the relationship between headache and emotional/behavioral problems. We studied non-verbal cognitive abilities, including non-verbal memory and attention skills, in order to evaluate the impact of primary headache on these domains. The latest version of the cognitive battery Leiter International Performance Scale – Third Edition (Leiter-3), a non-verbal test, was administered to 35 children and adolescents affected by migraine or tension-type headache and to 23 healthy subjects. We found that frequency of attacks and headache disability (evaluated with the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Score Questionnaire) significantly correlate with non-verbal memory and sustained attention skills. However, we found that headache disability has a significant impact on specific cognitive domains related to sustained attention and non-verbal memory skills. The relationship between headache and memory/attention deficits may have an explanation based on a possible common physiopathology ground, including noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways.

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Pediatric Headache: An Overview

Cited by 42 publications

References 88 publications

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Headaches Among Children: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Headaches Among Children: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis

Non-pharmacological Approaches for Headaches in Young Age: An Updated Review

Non-Verbal Cognitive Abilities in Children and Adolescents Affected by Migraine and Tension-Type Headache: An Observational Study Using the Leiter-3

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