New real time and conventional RT-PCRs for updated molecular diagnosis of infectious bronchitis virus infection (IBV) in chickens in Egypt associated with frequent co-infections with avian influenza and Newcastle Disease viruses

Naguib, Mahmoud M.; El‐Kady, Magdy F.; Lüschow, Dörte; Hassan, Kareem E.; Arafa, Abdel-Satar; Elzanaty, Ali M.; Hassan, Mohamed K.; Hafez, Hafez M.; Grund, Christian; Harder, Timm C.

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.02.018

Cited by 34 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The likelihood of the importance of these scenarios is low, as the cocirculation of both viruses on the same poultry farms at the same time, the coinfection of chickens with both viruses, and the presence of both viruses in the same poultry field samples have been repeatedly reported (27)(28)(29), However, the emergence and perpetuation of the now extinct HPAIV H5N1 2.2.1.1 clade of vaccine escape mutants from 2008 to 2011 were highly restricted to industrial poultry farms. These viruses did not spill over to backyard holdings, where viruses of another clade (2.2.1.2) prevailed (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Reassortants of Potentially Zoonotic Avian Influenza Viruses H5N1 and H9N2 from Egypt Display Distinct Pathogenic Phenotypes in Experimentally Infected Chickens and Ferrets

Naguib

Ulrich

Kasbohm

et al. 2017

J Virol

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The cocirculation of zoonotic highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of subtype H5N1 and avian influenza virus (AIV) of subtype H9N2 among poultry in Egypt for at least 6 years should render that country a hypothetical hot spot for the emergence of reassortant, phenotypically altered viruses, yet no reassortants have been detected in Egypt. The present investigations proved that reassortants of the Egyptian H5N1 clade 2.2.1.2 virus and H9N2 virus of the G1-B lineage can be generated by coamplification in embryonated chicken eggs. Reassortants were restricted to the H5N1 subtype and acquired between two and all six of the internal segments of the H9N2 virus. Five selected plaque-purified reassortant clones expressed a broad phenotypic spectrum both in vitro and in vivo. Two groups of reassortants were characterized to have retarded growth characteristics in vitro compared to the H5N1 parent virus. One clone provoked reduced mortality in inoculated chickens, although the characteristics of a highly pathogenic phenotype were retained. Enhanced zoonotic properties were not predicted for any of these clones, and this prediction was confirmed by ferret inoculation experiments: neither the H5N1 parent virus nor two selected clones induced severe clinical symptoms or were transmitted to sentinel ferrets by contact. While the emergence of reassortants of Egyptian HPAIV of subtype H5N1 with internal gene segments of cocirculating H9N2 viruses is possible in principle, the spread of such viruses is expected to be governed by their fitness to outcompete the parental viruses in the field. The eventual spread of attenuated phenotypes, however, would negatively impact syndrome surveillance on poultry farms and might foster enzootic virus circulation.IMPORTANCE Despite almost 6 years of the continuous cocirculation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 and avian influenza virus H9N2 in poultry in Egypt, no reassortants of the two subtypes have been reported. Here, the principal compatibility of the two subtypes is shown by forcing the reassortment between copassaged H5N1 und H9N2 viruses in embryonated chicken eggs. The resulting reassortant viruses displayed a wide range of pathogenicity including attenuated phenotypes in chickens, but did not show enhanced zoonotic propensities in the ferret model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Reassortants of Potentially Zoonotic Avian Influenza Viruses H5N1 and H9N2 from Egypt Display Distinct Pathogenic Phenotypes in Experimentally Infected Chickens and Ferrets

Naguib

Ulrich

Kasbohm

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…Chicks infected with IBV then super-infected with AIV-3 days later, showed no IBV shedding either in TC or CL, during the experimental period (Figs. [2][3][4][5]. When comparing the kinetics of AIV or IBV virus replication at different time points after chick inoculations, the patterns of TC and CL viral titers were different depending on the virus exposure, as shown for AIV or IBV viral gene copy numbers detected by qRT-PCR ( Figs.…”

Section: Single Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Mixed infection or co-infection with AIV and IBV has been described as a natural infection in different countries in Asia and the Middle-East [2,3]. More, the IBV vaccine is used extensively in chicken farms in many countries worldwide where both IBV and low pathogenic AIV H9N2 are endemic [3,4]. The H120 strain of IBV was one of the earliest live attenuated IBV vaccines to be developed and has continued to be use in most parts of the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral interference between H9N2-low pathogenic avian influenza virus and avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine strain H120 in vivo

Aouini

Laamiri

Nsiri

et al. 2019

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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“…Viral RNA was extracted using the QIAamp viral RNA mini kit (QIAGEN) in accordance with the manufacturer instructions. One-step RT-PCR was performed for IBV screening as previously described [17]. Genotyping with forward and reverse primers for amplification of HVR1, amplicon purification and sequencing was performed as previously described [17].…”

Section: Ibv and Ecoli Detection And Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One-step RT-PCR was performed for IBV screening as previously described [17]. Genotyping with forward and reverse primers for amplification of HVR1, amplicon purification and sequencing was performed as previously described [17]. Obtained sequences in this study aligned with sequences represent all infectious bronchitis virus genotypes proposed by [18].…”

Section: Ibv and Ecoli Detection And Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of bacteriophage efficacy in reducing the impact of single and mixed infections withEscherichia coliand infectious bronchitis in chickens

Tawakol¹,

Nabil²,

Samy³

2019

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) represents a major threat to poultry production worldwide particularly when complicated with bacterial infection. In the present study samples were collected from forty broiler farms with respiratory manifestations to characterize IBV and E. coli. Bacteriophages were isolated and enriched from sampled farms to study its efficacy to control single and mixed infections with E. coli and IBV in vivo. Twelve out of forty farms were positive for IBV. Phylogenetic analysis of partial spike protein revealed that all positive cases clustered within the GI-23 genotype. Eight out of forty farms were positive for E. coli serogroups O26, O78, O86, O114, O119, with O125 found on three farms. Bacteriophage treatment delayed the onset and reduced the severity of clinical signs, and prevented the mortality associated with single and mixed infection with IBV and E. coli. Furthermore, in mixed infections, bacteriophage treatment significantly reduced E. coli as well as IBV shedding. Groups treated with bacteriophages showed a significant reduction of E. coli shedding that gradually decreased over time, in contrast to higher and gradually increasing shedding without bacteriophage treatment. In conclusion, bacteriophage treatment significantly reduced the pathogenicity and shedding of IBVand E. coli in mixed infections. ARTICLE HISTORY

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New real time and conventional RT-PCRs for updated molecular diagnosis of infectious bronchitis virus infection (IBV) in chickens in Egypt associated with frequent co-infections with avian influenza and Newcastle Disease viruses

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Natural Reassortants of Potentially Zoonotic Avian Influenza Viruses H5N1 and H9N2 from Egypt Display Distinct Pathogenic Phenotypes in Experimentally Infected Chickens and Ferrets

Natural Reassortants of Potentially Zoonotic Avian Influenza Viruses H5N1 and H9N2 from Egypt Display Distinct Pathogenic Phenotypes in Experimentally Infected Chickens and Ferrets

Viral interference between H9N2-low pathogenic avian influenza virus and avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine strain H120 in vivo

Evaluation of bacteriophage efficacy in reducing the impact of single and mixed infections withEscherichia coliand infectious bronchitis in chickens

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