Abstract:Two new species in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) are introduced. One of these, represented by strain CBS 454.97 was isolated from plant debris (Striga hermonthica) in the Sudan, while the second, represented by strains CBS 119850 and CBS 483.94, which originated from soil in Australia. Molecular analyses were performed including TEF1 spanning 576 bp region, 860 bp region of rPB2, and 500 bp BT2 region. Phylogenetic trees based on these regions showed that the two species are clearly distinct fr… Show more
“…The genus also includes mycotoxin producers that cause the contamination of cereal grains and other agricultural products, which can result in adverse human and animal health conditions (Kvas et al , ). Members of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex (GFSC) include more than 45 phylogenetic species, 10 biological and morphological species, 34 morphospecies (Moussa et al , ), and more than nine mating populations (Leslie & Summerell, ). Fusarium fujikuroi , which belongs to mating population C (MP‐C) (Leslie & Summerell, ), infects and causes disease in several crops including ear and root rot of corn (Leyva‐Madrigal et al , ), bakanae or foolish seedling disease in rice (Desjardins et al , ; Carter et al , ) and grapevine (Bolton et al , ).…”
Until recently, Fusarium fujikuroi was widely described as a non‐producer or a producer of little B‐series fumonisin toxins despite having a complement of fumonisin biosynthetic genes similar to those in F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum. Although high and low fumonisin‐producing F. fujikuroi strains have been shown to induce typical disease symptoms, the relationship between fumonisin production and virulence in F. fujikuroi has not been fully established. Following recent reports on the roles of bacterial endosymbionts in influencing the biology of their fungal hosts, including virulence, reproduction and the production of secondary metabolites, this study investigated the association of two strains of bacteria of the genus Enterobacter with a F. fujikuroi strain isolated from wheat in Nebraska. Results demonstrated the intracellular localization of bacteria within the hyphae of the fungus. The association with the bacteria was also correlated with macroconidia production and higher levels of virulence in the fungus. Additionally, fumonisin production was consistently and significantly (α = 0.05) higher in the bacteria‐containing F. fujikuroi strain compared with the bacteria‐free strain. Furthermore, higher levels of fumonisin production by bacteria‐containing F. fujikuroi correlated with higher expression levels of the fumonisin biosynthetic genes fum1, fum8 and fum21 under fumonisin‐inducing and non‐inducing conditions. Expression of fum15, which encodes a P450 monooxygenase, was similarly observed to be significantly (α = 0.05) higher in the bacteria‐containing fungus. Analysis of transcripts also revealed significantly (α = 0.05) higher expression of the sexual and asexual development activator protein, VeA, in the bacteria‐containing F. fujikuroi under fumonisin‐inducing conditions.
“…The genus also includes mycotoxin producers that cause the contamination of cereal grains and other agricultural products, which can result in adverse human and animal health conditions (Kvas et al , ). Members of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex (GFSC) include more than 45 phylogenetic species, 10 biological and morphological species, 34 morphospecies (Moussa et al , ), and more than nine mating populations (Leslie & Summerell, ). Fusarium fujikuroi , which belongs to mating population C (MP‐C) (Leslie & Summerell, ), infects and causes disease in several crops including ear and root rot of corn (Leyva‐Madrigal et al , ), bakanae or foolish seedling disease in rice (Desjardins et al , ; Carter et al , ) and grapevine (Bolton et al , ).…”
Until recently, Fusarium fujikuroi was widely described as a non‐producer or a producer of little B‐series fumonisin toxins despite having a complement of fumonisin biosynthetic genes similar to those in F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum. Although high and low fumonisin‐producing F. fujikuroi strains have been shown to induce typical disease symptoms, the relationship between fumonisin production and virulence in F. fujikuroi has not been fully established. Following recent reports on the roles of bacterial endosymbionts in influencing the biology of their fungal hosts, including virulence, reproduction and the production of secondary metabolites, this study investigated the association of two strains of bacteria of the genus Enterobacter with a F. fujikuroi strain isolated from wheat in Nebraska. Results demonstrated the intracellular localization of bacteria within the hyphae of the fungus. The association with the bacteria was also correlated with macroconidia production and higher levels of virulence in the fungus. Additionally, fumonisin production was consistently and significantly (α = 0.05) higher in the bacteria‐containing F. fujikuroi strain compared with the bacteria‐free strain. Furthermore, higher levels of fumonisin production by bacteria‐containing F. fujikuroi correlated with higher expression levels of the fumonisin biosynthetic genes fum1, fum8 and fum21 under fumonisin‐inducing and non‐inducing conditions. Expression of fum15, which encodes a P450 monooxygenase, was similarly observed to be significantly (α = 0.05) higher in the bacteria‐containing fungus. Analysis of transcripts also revealed significantly (α = 0.05) higher expression of the sexual and asexual development activator protein, VeA, in the bacteria‐containing F. fujikuroi under fumonisin‐inducing conditions.
“…Species of the genus Fusarium are an important group of fungi that are distributed widely in below-ground and above-ground habitats (1, 2). Certain Fusarium species can even be found in aquatic habitats, including coal mine pits and subterranean rivers (2). These species are also characterized by their ability to grow in environments with a wide pH range (1, 2).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Certain Fusarium species can even be found in aquatic habitats, including coal mine pits and subterranean rivers (2). These species are also characterized by their ability to grow in environments with a wide pH range (1, 2). The genus Fusarium is important from the perspective of environmental protection and phytopathogenicity: On the one hand, Fusarium spp.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Given the complex characteristics of these species, it is imperative to elucidate the Fusarium genome sequence for the elimination of pollutants while ensuring the control of its pathogenicity. Further, as the Fusarium genus forms a “species complex” with the Aspergillus genus on account of closely related species, species-level identification of Fusarium is also necessary (4). Whole-genome sequencing would be ideal, as this method provides more information than other sequencing approaches in terms of the elucidation of acidic mechanisms, biodegradation and microbial identification.…”
12Fusarium species are distributed widely in ecosystems of a wide pH range and play 13 a pivotal role in the aquatic community through the degradation of xenobiotic 14 compounds and secretion of secondary metabolites. The elucidation of their genome 15 would therefore be highly impactful with regard to the control of environmental 16 pollution. Therefore, in this study, two indigenous strains of aquatic Fusarium, QHM 17 and BWC1, were isolated from a coal mine pit and a subterranean river respectively, 18 cultured under acidic conditions, and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of these two 19isolates was conducted based on the sequences of internal transcript (ITS1 and ITS4) 20 and encoding β-microtubulin (TUB2), translation elongation factors (TEFs) and the 21 2 second large sub-unit of RNA polymerase (RPB2). Fusarium, QHM could potentially 22 represent a new species within the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. Fusarium 23 BWC1 were found to form a clade with Fusarium subglutinans NRRL 22016, and 24 predicted to be Fusarium subglutinans. Shot-gun sequencing on the Illumina 25Hiseq×10 Platform was used to elucidate the draft genomes of the two species. Gene 26 annotation and functional analyses revealed that they had bio-degradation pathways 27 for aromatic compounds; further, their main pathogenic mechanism was found to be 28 the efflux pump. To date, the genomes of only a limited number of acidic species from 29the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, especially from the aquatic species, have 30 been sequenced. Therefore, the present findings are novel and have important 31 potential for the future in terms of environmental control. 32 33 IMPORTANCE Fusarium genus has over 300 species and were distributed in a 34 variety of ecosystem. Increasing attention has been drawn to Fusarium due to the 35 importance in aquatic community, pathogenicity and environmental protection. The 36 genomes of the strains in this work isolated in acidic condition, were sequenced. The 37 analysis has indicated that the isolates were able to biodegrade xenobiotics, which 38 makes it potentially function as environmental bio-agent for aromatic pollution 39 control and remediation. Meanwhile, the virulence and pathogenicity were also 40 predicted for reference of infection control. The genome information may lay 41 foundation for the fungal identification, disease prevention resulting from these 42 3 isolates and other "-omics" research. The isolates were phylogenetically classified 43into Fusarium fujikuroi species complex by means of concatenated gene analysis, 44serving as new addition to the big complex. 45 46 47 48
“…Bootstrap confidence intervals were set at 50% (Saitou and Nei 1987). For phylogenetic analysis recent research papers based on the phylogeny of Fusarium were used (Moussa et al 2017;Laurence et al 2015;Al-Hatmi et al 2016;Lombard et al 2015;Herron et al 2015;O'Donnell et al 2009;Schroers et al 2009;O'Donnell et al 2004O'Donnell et al , 2008. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and tef-1α genes BLASTn results for five Fusarium isolates is compiled in Table 1.…”
Five mycoparasitic fungi were isolated from sporangiophores of Plasmopara viticola collected from vineyards of five grape growing regions in India. Four isolates were obtained from the P. viticola growth on leaf (M1, M2, M10, and M12_1) and one from growth on berry (M12_2). Morphological observations showed that all isolates belonged to the genus Fusarium.
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