Ingestion of the pods of Enterolobium contortisiliquum causes hepatogenous photosensitization in cattle

Leal, Paula V.; Pupin, Rayane C.; Lima, Stephanie C.; Melo, Gleice Kelli Ayardes de; Araújo, Maria Amélia Máximo de; Gomes, Danilo Carloto; Barros, Claudio S.L.; Lemos, Ricardo A.A.

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.03.009

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Considerando as lesões macroscópicas e histológicas no fígado observadas nos casos espontâneos [5] e experimentais [5,16] e também aquelas observadas neste estudo, pode-se considerar que a fotossensibilização na intoxicação por S. fissuratum é de origem hepatógena. A lesão cutânea ocorre nos animais que se recuperam da fase aguda da doença, caracterizada principalmente pela lesão renal, sendo semelhante ao que foi observado em um estudo com Enterolobium contortisiliquum, no qual bovinos que se recuperam da acidose ruminal desenvolveram essa manifestação [8].…”

Section: O Diagnóstico Da Intoxicação Espontânea Porunclassified

Photosensitization in Cattle Caused by Spontaneous and Experimentally Ingestion of Stryphnodendron fissuratum

Lazaro

Bacha

Pupin³

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Stryphnodendron fissuratum is a tree from the Brazilian Cerrado. Its fruit is toxic to cattle and can cause clinical digestive signs, hepatogenous photosensitization, and abortion. Cases of poisoning in cattle, goats and guinea pigs have been experimentally reproduced; however, photosensitization could not be reproduced. The aim of this work was to describe an outbreak of natural poisoning and experimental reproduction in cattle, both with hepatogenous photosensitization.Materials, Methods & Results: Its described and natural outbreak and an experimental poisoning. In the outbreak, three bovines in the acute phase and three in the chronic phase were examined. Blood samples were collected from all of these animals in order to measure serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), urea, and creatinine. The first three animals underwent necropsy and histopathological evaluation. The experiment was conducted with two nine-month-old calves that received an oral paste made with crushed S. fissuratum fruits mixed with water. These fruits were collected at a farm at which cattle poisoning cases had occurred. Blood samples were collected in order to measure serum levels of AST, GGT, urea, and creatinine, before plant administration and then daily during the experimental period. Skin biopsies were taken before plant administration and new one after the first signs of skin lesions. The natural outbreak affected 52 of 160 bovine (31 calves and 21 cows) in the lot. Two calves and 14 cows died. Clinical signs consisted of depression, ataxia, incoordination, behavioral changes, decubitus, and death. One animal that died and 36 others that recovered had photodermatitis. Necropsy findings in the animals consisted of bad corporal condition, pale kidneys, evidence of liver lobular pattern, dry rumen contents, and full bladder. In two animals, fruit seeds were found in the rumen, and one animal had ulcers and transmural edema in the abomasum. Microscopically, mild to moderate renal tubular distension, accumulation of proteinaceous material in lumen with mild to moderate swelling, and epithelial necrosis. In the liver, swelling of hepatocytes and moderate bile stasis was detected. Enzymes values in all evaluated bovines were higher than those considered normal for the species. Experimentally, both calves became ill and one died. The clinical signs were apathy, inappetence, wobbling, weight loss, and goosebumps. One of them had jaundice, tearing, photophobia, ear skin detachment, and ulcers at the muzzle, nostrils and ventral face of the tongue. This animal was euthanized in extremis, and the necropsy findings showed generalized jaundice, evidence of increased liver lobular pattern, thick bile, pale kidneys, and esophageal, tongue, and epiglottal ulcers. Microscopically, the lesions were similar to those described during the natural outbreak. The skin biopsy from the calf that recovered showed perivascular edema and mild eosinophilia.Discussion: The diagnosis was made based on clinical signs, necropsy findings, histopathological lesions, and epidemiological analysis. Experimentally, the plant was toxic at the administered doses. Photosensitization was the most common clinical sign during the natural outbreak and until now, has never been experimentally reproduced. Based on histopathological lesions observed in this study, we can consider that is from hepatogenous origin. The results showed that the kidney lesions have an important role during the pathogenesis caused by this poisoning and during disease evolution.

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Section: O Diagnóstico Da Intoxicação Espontânea Porunclassified

Photosensitization in Cattle Caused by Spontaneous and Experimentally Ingestion of Stryphnodendron fissuratum

Lazaro

Bacha

Pupin³

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Acute ruminal acidosis is the first clinical manifestation of naïve sheep fed with pods of E. contortisiliquum (Bacha et al, 2017; and also in cattle (Leal et al, 2017). Sheep may die at this stage or recover, but photosensitization wasn't seen; however, in cattle, those which recovered had photosensitization Poisoning by Enterolobium contortisiliquum… (Leal et al, 2017), as observed in the calves of the current outbreak, since the plant is highly hepatotoxic (Leal et al, 2017). Hepatic lesions were not seen in the two necropsied calves, which could be due to the reversibility of hepatic lesions, similarly to those observed in a previous study (Leal et al, 2017).…”

Section: Poisoning By Enterolobium Contortisiliquum…mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheep may die at this stage or recover, but photosensitization wasn't seen; however, in cattle, those which recovered had photosensitization Poisoning by Enterolobium contortisiliquum… (Leal et al, 2017), as observed in the calves of the current outbreak, since the plant is highly hepatotoxic (Leal et al, 2017). Hepatic lesions were not seen in the two necropsied calves, which could be due to the reversibility of hepatic lesions, similarly to those observed in a previous study (Leal et al, 2017). As the necropsied calves were in a subacute or chronic phase of the disease, it is most likely that the liver lesions had already regenerated, without scarring; the same does not apply to the ruminal ulcers.…”

Section: Poisoning By Enterolobium Contortisiliquum…mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are well-developed trees, and intoxication occurs by ingestion of the pods that fall spontaneously to the ground or fall along with twigs that are torn by the wind, are pruned, or are reached by the animals in the lower parts of the tree (Grecco et al, 2002;Mendonça et al, 2009). Digestive disorders with or without photosensitization were experimentally reproduced by feeding cattle (Mendonça et al, 2009, sheep (Leal et al, 2017;Bacha et al, 2017; and goats (Benicio et al, 2007) with the pods of E. contortisiliquum. The reported digestive clinical signs of E. contortisiliquum poisoning are usually described as non-specific and include diarrhea, anorexia, ruminal atony, apathy, and dehydration (Grecco et al, 2002;Mendonça et al, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some cattle died in the acute phase of the disease (but were not necropsied) and others developed subacute to chronic ruminal lesions. The following information was used to reach the diagnosis of E. contortisiliquum toxicosis in the current outbreak: (i) presence of E. contortisiliquum trees with large amounts of their pods fallen to the ground with evidence of being consumed by the affected cattle, (ii) cattle with clinical signs and lesions of photosensitization and digestive disorders, known to be associated with the poisoning by E. contortisiliquum in ruminants (Leal et al, 2017;, and (iii) presence of E. contortisiliquum seeds in the abomasum of one necropsied calf.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Poisoning by Enterolobium contortisiliquum pods in calves showing photosensitization and digestive lesions

Guizelini

Veiga

Gomes

et al. 2020

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Contortisiliosides H–M: Triterpenoid saponins from Enterolobium contortisiliquum and their biological activity

Abdel‐Mageed

Al-Wahaibi

Gouda

et al. 2019

Industrial Crops and Products

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Ingestion of the pods of Enterolobium contortisiliquum causes hepatogenous photosensitization in cattle

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Photosensitization in Cattle Caused by Spontaneous and Experimentally Ingestion of Stryphnodendron fissuratum

Photosensitization in Cattle Caused by Spontaneous and Experimentally Ingestion of Stryphnodendron fissuratum

Poisoning by Enterolobium contortisiliquum pods in calves showing photosensitization and digestive lesions

Contortisiliosides H–M: Triterpenoid saponins from Enterolobium contortisiliquum and their biological activity

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