The route of administration drastically affects ivermectin activity against small strongyles in horses

Saumell, Carlos; Lifschitz, Adrián Luis; Baroni, Renato; Fusé, L. A.; Bistoletti, Mariana; Sagüés, Federica; Bruno, Santiago; Alvarez, G.; Lanusse, Carlos; Álvarez, Luis Ignacio Ortega

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.01.025

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The C max values of Hutsul horses were similar to or higher than those reported by Saumell et al. (2017) and Sokół et al. (2015) where (unlike in the current experiment) horses had ad libitum access to feed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…It has been reported that the PK of ivermectin is dependent on animal species, formulation and route of administration (Lo et al., 1985; Steel, 1993). The pharmacokinetic parameters of ivermectin administered orally to horses have been examined by many authors (Gokbulut et al., 2001, 2010, 2016; Pérez et al., 1999, 2002, 2003, 2010; Saumell et al., 2017; Sokół et al., 2015). However, the maximum plasma concentrations ( C max ) reported in these studies differed considerably even when ivermectin was administered at the same oral dose (0.2 mg/kg body weight (BW) [44.0 ± 23.1 ng/ml (Pérez et al., 1999), 21.4 (13.2–36.3) ng/mL (Gokbulut et al., 2001), 51.3 ± 16.1 ng/ml (Pérez et al., 2002, 2003), 61.28 ± 10.73 ng/ml (Gokbulut et al., 2010), 51.6 ± 22.2 ng/ml (Pérez, et al., 2010), 25.84 ± 7.17 ng/ml (Gokbulut et al., 2016), 21.95 ± 12.86 ng/ml and 13.30 ± 5.00 ng/ml (Sokół et al., 2015), and 30.1 ± 6.78 ng/ml (Saumell et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pharmacokinetics and antiparasitic activity of ivermectin in Hutsul and Toric horses

Vyniarska

Ziółkowski

Madej-Śmiechowska

et al. 2020

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin and its antiparasitic activity in two horse breeds. Eight Hutsul and 14 Toric horses were administered ivermectin orally at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected for 96 hr, and faecal samples were collected one day before and on days 14 and 21 after drug administration. Ivermectin concentrations in plasma samples were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Ivermectin concentration was significantly higher in Toric than in Hutsul horses 90 min after ivermectin administration and was maintained at higher level for up to 96 hr. The area under the concentration versus the time curve from 0 to the last sampling point (AUC0→t) and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) were significantly higher in Toric than in Hutsul horses (1792.09 ± 246.22 μg × hr/L vs. 716.99 ± 255.81 μg × hr/L and 62.72 ± 17.97 ng/ml vs. 35.34 ± 13.61 ng/ml, respectively). No parasitic eggs were found in the faecal samples collected from both groups of horses on days 14 and 21 after drug administration. The obtained results indicate that although the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin may differ significantly between horse breeds, these differences do not affect the effectiveness of therapy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pharmacokinetics and antiparasitic activity of ivermectin in Hutsul and Toric horses

Vyniarska

Ziółkowski

Madej-Śmiechowska

et al. 2020

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…The data suggests, therefore, that efficacy against Cooperia is likely to be associated with routes of administration that result in high concentrations of drug in the intestinal contents, rather than the mucosa. A relationship between drug concentrations in the worms and that in the intestinal contents has been hypothesised previously based on the greater efficacy of orally administered MLs over other routes of administration ( Leathwick and Miller, 2013 ; Leathwick et al, 2016 ; Saumell et al, 2017 ; Canton et al, 2018 ), assuming an absence of licking. This conclusion is supported by data from registration trials for ivermectin ( Benz et al, 1989 ) in which efficacy against adult C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since concentration gradient is a major determinant of drug accumulation in the worms ( Alvarez et al, 2007 ), it follows that differences in drug concentrations within the worms, and the resultant differences in efficacy, reflect the levels of drug in the tissues surrounding the parasites ( Alvarez et al, 2000 ; Mottier et al, 2006 ; Lloberas et al, 2012 ). Based on the greater efficacy of oral delivery over SC and pour-on administration against many parasites ( Gopal et al, 2001 ; Pomroy et al, 2004 ; Leathwick and Miller, 2013 ; Saumell et al, 2017 ; Canton et al, 2018 ), and the higher ML concentrations measured in the intestinal fluids ( Lloberas et al, 2012 ) it has been assumed that most parasites accumulate drug from the intestinal content ( Lifschitz et al, 2017 ). However, in this study it appears that for O .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Route of administration influences the concentration of ivermectin reaching nematode parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle

Leathwick

Miller

Waghorn

et al. 2020

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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An animal trial was conducted to measure the concentrations of ivermectin occurring in abomasal and small intestinal contents and mucosa, and in the target parasites ( Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora ) following administration by subcutaneous, oral and pour-on routes. Twenty-five steers were infected with ivermectin-resistant isolates of O . ostertagi and C . oncophora and following patency randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups of 7 and 1 untreated control group of four. On day 0, animals in the treatment groups were administered ivermectin via the oral, injectable or pour-on routes. On days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8, blood samples were collected from all live animals, one animal from each treatment group was euthanised and the abomasum and small intestine recovered. Control animals were euthanised on each of days 4, 5, 6 and 8. Samples of gastrointestinal tract organs, their contents, mucosa and parasites were collected and assayed for ivermectin concentration using HPLC. The highest plasma concentrations occurred following subcutaneous administration. In the gastrointestinal contents the highest levels occurred following oral administration, although one high value occurred following pour-on administration, which was attributed to self-licking by the treated animal. The lowest GI content levels followed subcutaneous injection. Ivermectin concentrations in the gastrointestinal mucosa were highest following subcutaneous injection. Drug levels in the abomasal parasite O . ostertagi were most closely correlated with levels in the abomasal mucosa whereas levels in the intestinal C . oncophora were most closely correlated with those in the intestinal contents. Thus, the maximun levels of drug reached C . oncophora in the small intestine following oral administration. In contrast, the highest levels of ivermectin in O . ostertagi followed subcutaneous injection. Therefore, route of administration is likely to influence the exposure to ivermectin for different parasite species.

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“…However, macrocyclic lactones such as ivermectin have shown greater efficacy in reducing the presence of parasites [9]. when formatting individual papers, 2) automatic compliance to electronic requirements that facilitate the concurrent or later production of electronic products, and 3) conformity of style throughout a journal paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Horses of Central Mexico

Romero¹,

Heredia²,

Miranda³

et al. 2020

OJVM

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Equines are affected by a large number of endoparasites, these can cause gastrointestinal signs, respiratory, poor performance, slow growth and even cause sudden death. The presence of parasites can be associated with various factors related to the animal and environmental or geographical factors. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection and risk factors in horses were evaluated. Stool samples belonging to 218 horses from different regions of central Mexico were analyzed by coproparasitological concentration-flotation technique. The fecal examinations were carried out from February to August in 2017. Among the 218 samples that were examined, 103 (47.24%) were found to be positive with several gastrointestinal parasites, with Strongylus spp. being the most prevalent (23.85%) followed by Trichostrongylus spp. (21.56%) and Parascaris spp. (11.93%). Breed and place of origin were significantly associated with helminth infection. Sex was associated as a significant risk factor (p < 0.01) with the infection by Strongylus spp. on females and by Anoplocephala, on males. In central Mexico, gastrointestinal helminth infection appears to be relatively low.

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The route of administration drastically affects ivermectin activity against small strongyles in horses

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

The pharmacokinetics and antiparasitic activity of ivermectin in Hutsul and Toric horses

The pharmacokinetics and antiparasitic activity of ivermectin in Hutsul and Toric horses

Route of administration influences the concentration of ivermectin reaching nematode parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Horses of Central Mexico

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