Pedestrians in Traffic Environments: Ultrafine Particle Respiratory Doses

Manigrasso, Maurizio; Natale, Ciro; Vitali, Matteo; Protano, Carmela; Avino, Pasquale

doi:10.3390/ijerph14030288

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…A very high variability (215 %) is recorded for the particles in the size channel 11.5 nm, it means a fresh aerosol continuously emitted by sources but, different from what reported in previous study (Manigrasso et al, 2017a), the variability is always over 101 %, except in two cases (71 % at 15.4 nm and 75 % at 20.5 nm), showing a presence of possible different contributions over the combustion processes. Figure 6 shows the behavior of the UFPs at different sizes related to the total VOCs trend in the same period.…”

Section: Second Case Study: Walking and Breathing Around A Small Citycontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…On the other hand, a NanoScan SMPS (model 3910, TSI), was also used for measuring particle number concentrations in the range 10-365 nm (divided in in thirteen size channels) by means of a scanning mobility particle sizing technology with 60 s time resolutions (Manigrasso et al, 2017a). The NanoScan SMPS is ideal for applications that demand portability like on-road measurements, workplace surveys, field studies, and point source identification.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of measuring ultrafine particles in urban air quality monitoring in small cities

Notardonato¹,

Manigrasso²,

Pierno³

et al. 2019

Geographica Pannonica

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The air quality monitoring is based on the determination of some gaseous pollutants and PM10 and PM 2.5 . Recent studies have reported the importance of the determination aerosol fraction below 1 µm both for the dynamic of the airborne and for the public health issue. This paper would like to investigate the importance of this fraction in the air quality monitoring. Further, a particular focus will be devoted the role of the Ultrafine Particles, i.e. particles below 100 nm, in the aerosol formation and in the human exposure. Two case studies will be presented and discussed on how the submicron particles can be determined and interpreted their role. In the first case, the measurements will be performed in downtown Rieti, city located in central Italy, 100 km North from Rome, with the scope to draw the behavior in relationship to the emission flexes. In the second scenario, the personal exposure of pedestrians will be investigated in Venafro, a small city located 150 km South-East Rome, by means of measuring PMx, total submicron fraction, different aerosol dimensional sizes in the range 5-360 nm along with the total Volatile Compounds. The different sources and contributions affecting the aerosol levels in the two areas will be investigated and extensively discussed as well as the role of the such particles in the aerosols science.

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Section: Second Case Study: Walking and Breathing Around A Small Citycontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of measuring ultrafine particles in urban air quality monitoring in small cities

Notardonato¹,

Manigrasso²,

Pierno³

et al. 2019

Geographica Pannonica

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many studies have reported that effects of traffic-related pollution are more severe on people who are suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A recent study reported that COPD-affected individuals received greater doses of UltraFine Particles (UFP) than healthy individual due to their higher respiratory rate [38]. Therefore avoiding exposure to air pollutants is important for individuals with COPD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control Measures and Health Effects of Air Pollution: A Survey among Public Transportation Commuters in Malaysia

et al. 2017

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This research aimed to investigate the control measures used by public transport commuters and their health (physical and psychological) effects due to exposure to air pollution during their daily commute and during haze days. From June to October 2016, 800 public transport commuters in urban cities in the heart of Selangor, Malaysia were interviewed. Of these, 25.4% reported sometimes/often wearing surgical masks during their daily commute, while 92.1% reported such use during haze days. The total control measure score against air pollutants during the daily commute was low; on a control measure scale of 0-18, the median rating during the daily commute was 8 (interquartile range (IQR) 6-10). During haze days, control measures improved slightly (median 14, IQR 12-16). Evidence of adverse health effects was present. During the daily commute under normal conditions, the three highest adverse health experiences were fatigue and weakness (35.5%), coughing (23.6%), and dizziness (18.2%). During haze days, the three highest adverse health experiences were headache (85%), coughing (84.8%), and breathing difficulties (84.5%). On a possible total adverse health (physical and psychological) experience scale of 0-22, the median rating during the daily commute was 1 (IQR 0-3). The median rating during haze days was intensified (median 11, IQR 9-13). Public transportation commuters should be encouraged to enhance various control measures against particulate air pollutants during their daily commute, particularly during haze days, to minimize the adverse health risks associated with air pollutants.

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“…In particular, at the morning rush hour, in the 2 h time interval of Figure 9 from 08:00 to 10:00, 2.42 × 10 10 particles were deposited in the respiratory system, of which 28%, 25%, and 47% respectively in the H, TB and Al regions. Note that such estimates are based on measurements carried out at a fixed location, and thus do not account for the peak-exposures possibly experienced in proximity of traffic [69,70].…”

Section: Day Of Sampling Totalmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Results of the “Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs (CARE)” Experiment: Beyond Current Standards for PM10

et al. 2017

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In February 2017 the "Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs (CARE)" experiment was carried out in downtown Rome to address the following specific questions: what is the color, size, composition, and toxicity of the carbonaceous aerosol in the Mediterranean urban background area of Rome? The motivation of this experiment is the lack of understanding of what aerosol types are responsible for the severe risks to human health posed by particulate matter (PM) pollution, and how carbonaceous aerosols influence radiative balance. Physicochemical properties of the carbonaceous aerosol were characterised, and relevant toxicological variables assessed. The aerosol characterisation includes: (i) measurements with high time resolution (min to 1-2 h) at a fixed location of black carbon (eBC), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), particle number size distribution (0.008-10 µm), major non refractory PM 1 components, elemental composition, wavelength-dependent optical properties, and atmospheric turbulence; (ii) 24-h measurements of PM 10 and PM 2.5 mass concentration, water soluble OC and brown carbon (BrC), and levoglucosan; (iii) mobile measurements of eBC and size distribution around the study area, with computational fluid dynamics modeling; (iv) characterisation of road dust emissions and their EC and OC content. The toxicological assessment includes: (i) preliminary evaluation of the potential impact of ultrafine particles on lung epithelia cells (cultured at the air liquid interface and directly exposed to particles); (ii) assessment of the oxidative stress induced by carbonaceous aerosols; (iii) assessment of particle size dependent number doses deposited in different regions of the human body; (iv) PAHs biomonitoring (from the participants into the mobile measurements). The first experimental results of the CARE experiment are presented in this paper. The objective here is to provide baseline levels of carbonaceous aerosols for Rome, and to address future research directions. First, we found that BC and EC mass concentration in Rome are larger than those measured in similar urban areas across Europe (the urban background mass concentration of eBC in Rome in winter being on average 2.6 ± 2.5 µg · m −3 , mean eBC at the peak level hour being 5.2 (95% CI = 5.0-5.5) µg · m −3 ). Then, we discussed significant variations of carbonaceous aerosol properties occurring with time scales of minutes, and questioned on the data averaging period used in current air quality standard for PM 10 (24-h). Third, we showed that the oxidative potential induced by aerosol depends on particle size and composition, the effects of toxicity being higher with lower mass concentrations and smaller particle size. Albeit this is a preliminary analysis, findings reinforce the need for an urgent update of existing air quality standards for PM 10 and PM 2.5 with regard to particle composition and size distribution, and data averaging period. Our results reinforce existing concerns about the toxicity of carbonaceous aerosols, suppo...

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Pedestrians in Traffic Environments: Ultrafine Particle Respiratory Doses

Cited by 38 publications

References 54 publications

The importance of measuring ultrafine particles in urban air quality monitoring in small cities

The importance of measuring ultrafine particles in urban air quality monitoring in small cities

Control Measures and Health Effects of Air Pollution: A Survey among Public Transportation Commuters in Malaysia

First Results of the “Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs (CARE)” Experiment: Beyond Current Standards for PM10

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