Impact of Dietary Fibers on Nutrient Management and Detoxification Organs: Gut, Liver, and Kidneys

Abstract

Increased dietary fiber (DF) intake elicits a wide range of physiologic effects, not just locally in the gut, but systemically. DFs can greatly alter the gut milieu by affecting the gut microbiome, which in turn influences the gut barrier, gastrointestinal immune and endocrine responses, and nitrogen cycling and microbial metabolism. These gut-associated changes can then alter the physiology and biochemistry of the body's other main nutrient management and detoxification organs, the liver and kidneys. The molecular mechanisms by which DF alters the physiology of the gut, liver, and kidneys is likely through gut-localized events (i.e., bacterial nitrogen metabolism, microbe-microbe, and microbe-host cell interactions) coupled with specific factors that emanate from the gut in response to DF, which signal to or affect the physiology of the liver and kidneys. The latter may include microbe-derived xenometabolites, peptides, or bioactive food components made available by gut microbes, inflammation signals, and gut hormones. The intent of this review is to summarize how DF alters the gut milieu to specifically affect intestinal, liver, and kidney functions and to discuss the potential local and systemic signaling networks that are involved. Adv Nutr 2016;7:1111-21.

Metaproteomics Reveals Potential Mechanisms by which Dietary Resistant Starch Supplementation Attenuates Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Rats

“…Down-regulation of voltage channel proteins in CKD rats could be, in part, causing the increase of oxidative stress in CKD. Similar to previous studies (3,16),…”

“…Recent studies point to gut microbiome dysbiosis as one of the key contributors to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications (1)(2)(3). During the course of CKD, gut dysbiosis increases and compromises the intestinal epithelial barrier, leading to leakage of microbial-derived toxins into the bloodstream and resulting in increased inflammation that may further exacerbate CKD (2).…”

Obesity and microbiota: an example of an intricate relationship

“…Inulin, resistant starch, and beta-glucans are important dietary fibers, which have been well studied and shown to modulate gut microbiota [42]. Inulin has been reported to regulate gastrointestinal motility and appetite, reduce fat mass accumulation, and affect adipose tissue metabolism [43].…”

Kronik Böbrek Hastalığında Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası ve Diyet Posasının Rolü

“…Anne karnından, neonatal periyoda ve yetişkinliğe kadar mikrobiyomun kompozisyonu ve fonksiyonu üzerinde beslenme tarzının önemi büyüktür (27). Diyet posası, bağırsak mikrobiyotası tarafından KZYA'lere dönüştürülerek spesifik hücre sinyal yolakları ve transkripsiyon faktörlerin düzenlenmesi ile intestinal epitelyal bariyer bütünlüğünü korur ve epitelyal hücrelerin çoğalmasını, farklılaşmasını artırarak bariyer fonksiyonunu destekler (28). Aynı zamanda KZYA; hem kolonik epitelyal hücreler hem de düzenleyici T hücreleri (T-reg) için çok önemli besin öğeleri olduğundan intestinal immün fonksiyona pozitif etki yapmaktadır (29,30).…”