Mechanical Alloying of Metal–Organic Frameworks

Abstract

The solvent-free mechanical milling process for two distinct metal-organic framework (MOF) crystals induced the formation of a solid solution, which is not feasible by conventional solution-based syntheses. X-ray and STEM-EDX studies revealed that performing mechanical milling under an Ar atmosphere promotes the high diffusivity of each metal ion in an amorphous solid matrix; the amorphous state turns into the porous crystalline structure by vapor exposure treatment to form a new phase of a MOF solid solution.

Retracted Article: Insight into the reversible structural crystalline-state transformation from MIL-53(Al) to MIL-68(Al)

“…The PXRD characterization confirms that both transformations were totally reversible and that crystallinity was preserved. The observed amorphization by Panda et al 35 in another kind of MOFs has not been detected during our transformation which does not rule out that this happens as a rapid transition to a crystalline phase.…”

Liquid phase blending of metal-organic frameworks

“…Possibilities also exist in the production of novel MOF glasses, given the potential to incorporate multiple, designed chemical functionalities within a single glass, or in the creation of hybrid equivalents of alloys, blends and ceramics. Progress in the preparation of crystalline materials containing multiple inorganic or/and organic functionalities within a single framework structure has already been made 23 , 24 . These multivariate MOFs 25 , 26 arise from the interaction of several chemical components during solvothermal or mechanochemical synthesis, though not in the liquid state.…”

Enthalpy vs. friction: heat flow modelling of unexpected temperature profiles in mechanochemistry of metal–organic frameworks

“… 25 The ZIF-8 framework is one of the few commercially relevant MOFs, and has received attention for its chemical and thermal stability, as well as for its applications in gas storage and catalysis. 37 – 44 Also, it was often used as a model system in mechanochemical MOF amorphisation, 45 MOF alloying, 46 and shock dissipation. 47 As previously reported, 25 milling of ZnO with 2-methylimidazole ( HMeIm ) leads to rapid formation of ZIF-8, which gradually becomes amorphous upon milling.…”