Viable Stem Cells Are in the Injury Effusion Fluid and Arthroscopic Byproducts From Knee Cruciate Ligament Surgery: An In Vivo Analysis

Arthroscopic Harvest of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells From the Infrapatellar Fat Pad

“…17 In a side-by-side experiment with lipoaspirate-derived ADSCs, the bone production was equally efficient for engineered implants from either source. 16 In addition, the study published by Anz et al 2 confirmed the presence of viable stem cells in the synovial fluid, fat pad, and waste by-products of arthroscopic cruciate ligament surgery, which further supports this study that characterizes and evaluates the usefulness of the IFP and synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cells in tissue regeneration.…”

“…ADSCs have the capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, or myoblasts under appropriate stimuli and culture conditions. In contrast to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, ADSCs provide (1) greater availability (up to 10% of nucleated cells from ADSCs 4,52 vs 0.001% to 0.01% of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells 42 ), (2) less donor site morbidity, and (3) rapid expansion and high proliferation potential 23 for various applications in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 39,53 In addition, the intra-articular injection of ADSCs has been found to be a safe therapeutic alternative with no significant complications.…”

Percutaneous Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair With Needle Arthroscopy and Biological Augmentation

“…27,28 Our technique uses 2 different sources of biological augmentation: We perform marrow stimulation with the notch at the femoral origin, and we aspirate the effusion from the injured knee and centrifuge the aspirate to obtain the biological byproducts. Anz et al 29 showed that the effusion from the injury contains many viable cells. Culture analysis of fibroblast colonyforming units showed that the effusion itself contains over 1,900 progenitor cells.…”

“…Culture analysis of fibroblast colonyforming units showed that the effusion itself contains over 1,900 progenitor cells. 29 By combining marrow stimulation and the centrifuged aspirate, the goal is to augment the documented inherent healing response of the tibial-sided remnant and the repair. 30,31 Some technical tips of the described technique should be noted (Table 1), as well as several limitations ( Table 2).…”

Editorial Commentary: Thinking “Inside the Box” Yields the Possibility of Harvesting Stem Cells From “Inside the Injured Knee”

“…With comparison to historical literature of the other alternative stem cell harvesting techniquesdthat is, bone marrow aspiration or lipoaspiratedthe concentrations found with their methodology are several orders of magnitude less than the up-to-500,000 and -300,000 per mL of tissue, respectively, seen in those aspirates. 1 Thus, they rightly conclude, "at this time, we cannot advocate any immediate clinical application of the cells from these sources. "…”