Multidimensional cognitive impairment in unipolar and bipolar depression and the moderator effect of adverse childhood experiences

Abstract

This study confirms that cognitive impairment is present both in MDD and BD, albeit in different degrees of severity, and highlights the importance of early stress as a moderator factor when investigating cognitive functions in mood disorders.

The role of childhood trauma in cognitive performance in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder – A systematic review

“…Five studies reported total severity scores, which were based on the RFQ (Poletti et al, 2017), the CAQ (Green et al, 2014), the CTQ (Marshall et al, 2016; Mansueto et al, 2017), and information retrieved from medical charts and non-standardized interviews (Schenkel et al, 2005). Thirteen studies used a composite score of severity and frequency and used dichotomous variables of CT exposure of (1) low versus high levels (Poletti et al, 2017; Aas et al, 2012b; Shannon et al, 2011; Mansueto et al, 2017), (2) absent versus high levels (Bucker et al, 2013; Kelly et al, 2016), (3) absent versus existent levels (van Os et al, 2017; Green et al, 2014; Green et al, 2015; McCabe et al, 2012; Schenkel et al, 2005) or (iv) below versus above the median split (Aas et al, 2012b) for the subscales or total scores. However not all studies reported mean group-level data for these measures.…”

“…For patients with bipolar disorder, four studies found evidence of an association between greater CT experience and poorer cognitive performance (Bucker et al, 2013; Poletti et al, 2017; Aas et al, 2012b; Marshall et al, 2016) (Table 2). This association was observed for measures of general cognitive ability (Poletti et al, 2017; Aas et al, 2012b), memory function (Bucker et al, 2013) and executive function (Marshall et al, 2016).…”

“…These 21 studies were grouped into studies that addressed higher cognitive function or social cognitive function. For higher cognitive function, three studies were conducted in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis (Ucok et al, 2015) or in patients with first-episode psychosis (Aas et al, 2011; Aas et al, 2012a), three studies included patients with chronic bipolar disorder (Poletti et al, 2017; Bucker et al, 2013; Marshall et al, 2016), nine studies were conducted in patients with chronic schizophrenia (Green et al, 2015; Green et al, 2014; McCabe et al, 2012; Kelly et al, 2016; Shannon et al, 2011; Schenkel et al, 2005; Lysaker et al, 2002; Ruby et al, 2017; Li et al, 2017) and three studies in patients with mixed psychosis group – consisting primarily of patients with chronic schizophrenia (van Os et al, 2017; Aas et al, 2012b; Mansueto et al, 2017).…”

Epigenetic mechanisms of major depression: Targeting neuronal plasticity

“…Stress at an early age is associated with increased vulnerability to stress and depression at later ages . Epigenetic modifications that occur early in life may last for a lifetime and increase vulnerability to stress.…”

“…Stress at an early age is associated with increased vulnerability to stress and depression at later ages. [113][114][115][116][117] Epigenetic modifications that occur early in life may last for a lifetime and increase vulnerability to stress. Weaver et al 70 and Meaney et al 118 showed that rat pups reared by females that exhibited high levels of nurturing behavior, such as licking, grooming, and arched-back nursing (high-LG-ABN), had less anxiety, a reduced stress response (activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal [HPA] axis), and higher expression of mRNA for the glucocorticoid receptor gene Nr3c1 (specifically the alternatively spliced variant GR1 7 ) in the hippocampus than offspring reared by females with low-LG-ABN.…”