A Systematic Review on Sasang Constitutional Type-Associated Susceptibility to Disorders in Korea

BioMed Research International

Hwang

et al. 2020

Introduction. Medical improvements have allowed hemophilia patients to anticipate an increased quality of life and life expectancy similar to that of the general population. Analysis of the potential disease symptoms of hemophilia patients based on a survey of Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) is important for optimal preventive care and adjunctive therapy to avoid life-threating complications. Aim. To predict potential disease symptoms from the viewpoint of SCM as a preventive care strategy for hemophilia patients. Methods. Sixty-one hemophilia patients responded to a survey on Sasang constitutional classification, hemophilia disease pattern, and original symptoms. Results. In terms of SCM type, the 61 of hemophilia patients included 37 Tae-Eum (60.7%), 18 So-Yang (29.5%), and 6 So-Eum (12.5%). Hemophilia was found to be higher in Tae-Eum type and lower in So-Yang and So-Eum types, while considering the distributional rate of Korean Sasang types. Most of the patients with Tae-Eum type had Joyeol or Ganyeol. Furthermore, the incidences of diabetes and high blood pressure were greater in Tae-Eum type than in those of other types. Conclusion. In order to increase the quality of life and overall life expectancy, hemophilia patients with Tae-Eum type should be treated through management according to SCM along with medicine against hemophilia as long-term preventive care. Diabetes and high blood pressure should be regularly monitored in patients with Tae-Eum type.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is classification is also based on a comprehensive understanding of a person's physique, facial appearance, personality, emotions, and reactions to medications [7,8]. e causes of illnesses and susceptibilities to disorders vary according to Sasang type [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Sasang Constitutional Medicine as an Optimal Preventive Care Strategy for Hemophilia Patients

BioMed Research International

Hwang

et al. 2020

“…The underlying mechanism on how the SC types increase the accuracy of the risk prediction for incident metabolic syndrome in a general population has not been clearly explained. However, recent evidence has been accumulated on susceptible organs and vulnerable diseases according to the SC types including the recent systematic review [ 6 ]. Future studies are warranted to examine the phenotypic characteristics of each SC type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have provided scientific evidence to prove vulnerable organs and related diseases for each SC type. According to the theory of classifying SC types, vulnerable hypoactive organs and the corresponding susceptible diseases were specified [ 1 , 2 , 5 ], confirmed with a recent systematic review with 15 studies [ 6 ]. For example, individuals with the TE type are considered to be vulnerable to lung-related diseases [ 1 , 2 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Sasang constitutional types for the risk prediction of metabolic syndrome: a 14-year longitudinal prospective cohort study

BMC Complement Altern Med

Kim

et al. 2017

BackgroundTo examine whether the use of Sasang constitutional (SC) types, such as Tae-yang (TY), Tae-eum (TE), So-yang (SY), and So-eum (SE) types, increases the accuracy of risk prediction for metabolic syndrome.MethodsFrom 2001 to 2014, 3529 individuals aged 40 to 69 years participated in a longitudinal prospective cohort. The Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to predict the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.ResultsDuring the 14 year follow-up, 1591 incident events of metabolic syndrome were observed. Individuals with TE type had higher body mass indexes and waist circumferences than individuals with SY and SE types. The risk of developing metabolic syndrome was the highest among individuals with the TE type, followed by the SY type and the SE type. When the prediction risk models for incident metabolic syndrome were compared, the area under the curve for the model using SC types was significantly increased to 0.8173. Significant predictors for incident metabolic syndrome were different according to the SC types. For individuals with the TE type, the significant predictors were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), education, smoking, drinking, fasting glucose level, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride level. For Individuals with the SE type, the predictors were sex, smoking, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride level, while the predictors in individuals with the SY type were age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, total cholesterol level, fasting glucose level, HDL cholesterol level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride level.ConclusionsIn this prospective cohort study among 3529 individuals, we observed that utilizing the SC types significantly increased the accuracy of the risk prediction for the development of metabolic syndrome.

“…According to the SCM theory, the imbalance of energy metabolism under pathological conditions affects the sensitive hypoactive organ of each type, which can cause disease 2 . Because SC types are reflected by integrative systemic features and are closely associated with metabolic status, SCM can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic syndromes or diseases including obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. These previous studies provide strong evidence of correlations between SC types and particular diseases, suggesting the value of SC types as holistic biomarkers for a wide range of diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy metabolism and whole-exome sequencing-based analysis of Sasang constitution: a pilot study

Kim

Integrative Medicine Research

et al. 2017

BackgroundTraditional Korean Sasang constitutional (SC) medicine categorizes individuals into four constitutional types [Tae-eum (TE), So-eum (SE), Tae-yang (TY), or So-yang (SY)] based on biological and physiological characteristics. As these characteristics are closely related to the bioenergetics of the human body, we assessed the correlation between SC type and energy metabolism features.MethodsForty healthy, young (22.3 ± 1.4 years) males volunteered to participate in this study. Participants answered an SC questionnaire, and their face shape, voice tone, and body shape were assessed using an SC analysis tool. Thirty-one participants (10 TE, 10 SE, 3 TY, and 8 SY) were selected for further analysis. Collected blood samples were subjected to blood composition analysis, mitochondrial function analysis, and whole-exome sequencing.ResultsThe SY type showed significantly lower total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the SE type. Cellular and mitochondrial Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were similar across types. All types showed similar basal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, whereas the TE type showed a significantly lower ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate than the other types. Whole-exome sequencing identified several genes variants that were exclusively detected in particular SC types, including 19 for SE, seven for SY, 11 for TE, and six for TY.ConclusionSC type-specific differences in mitochondrial function and gene mutations were detected in a small group of healthy, young Korean males. These results are expected to greatly improve the accurate screening and utilization of SC medicine.