The role of the gut microbiota in food allergy

Rachid, Rima; Chatila, Talal A.

doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000000427

Cited by 77 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…As reported previously by us [27], fish oil supplementation in utero was associated with enhanced expression of PKCζ in the CB T-cells, perhaps providing an explanation for the protection against allergic responses. Although the validity of the hygiene hypothesis has recently been called into question [55], our data may also contribute to the understanding of the basis for the protection from allergic diseases that is associated with microbial exposure early in life [56,57]. We have previously reported that polyclonal stimulation of CB T-cells with PHA increased the level of PKCζ [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The role of PKCζ in cord blood T-cell maturation towards Th1 cytokine profile and its epigenetic regulation by fish oil

et al. 2017

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While immunodeficiency of immaturity of the neonate has been considered important as the basis for unusual susceptibility to infection, it has also been recognized that the ability to progress from an immature Th2 cytokine predominance to a Th1 profile has relevance in determining whether children will develop allergy, providing an opportunity for epigenetic regulation through environmental pressures. However, this notion remains relatively unexplored. Here, we present evidence that there are two major control points to explain the immunodeficiency in cord blood (CB) T-cells, a deficiency in interleukin (IL)-12 (IL-12) producing and IL-10 overproducing accessory cells, leading to a decreased interferon γ (IFNγ) synthesis and the other, an intrinsic defect in T-cell protein kinase C (PKC) ζ (PKCζ) expression. An important finding was that human CB T-cells rendered deficient in PKCζ, by shRNA knockdown, develop into low tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and IFNγ but increased IL-13 producing cells. Interestingly, we found that the increase in PKCζ levels in CB T-cells caused by prenatal supplementation with fish oil correlated with modifications of histone acetylation at the PKCζ gene (PRKCZ) promoter. The data demonstrate that PKCζ expression regulates the maturation of neonatal T-cells into specific functional phenotypes and that environmental influences may work via PKCζ to regulate these phenotypes and disease susceptibility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The role of PKCζ in cord blood T-cell maturation towards Th1 cytokine profile and its epigenetic regulation by fish oil

et al. 2017

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“…Intestinal microbiota regulate the development of functions of a diverse range of T cells, such as Th17, Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cells, and also modulate innate lymphoid cells [33,34]. By modifying the response of gut-associated lymphoid tissues, intestinal microbiota may influence the development of oral tolerance [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Microbiome and Food Allergy in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Fieten

Totté

Levin³

et al. 2018

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Exposure to microbes may be important in the development of atopic disease. Atopic diseases have been associated with specific characteristics of the intestinal microbiome. The link between intestinal microbiota and food allergy has rarely been studied, and the gold standard for diagnosing food allergy (double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge [DBPCFC]) has seldom been used. We aimed to distinguish fecal microbial signatures for food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: Pediatric patients with AD, with and without food allergy, were included in this cross-sectional observational pilot study. AD was diagnosed according to the UK Working Party criteria. Food allergy was defined as a positive DBPCFC or a convincing clinical history, in combination with sensitization to the relevant food allergen. Fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA microbial analysis. Microbial signature species, discriminating between the presence and absence food allergy, were selected by elastic net regression. Results: Eighty-two children with AD (39 girls) with a median age of 2.5 years, and 20 of whom were diagnosed with food allergy, provided fecal samples. Food allergy to peanut and cow's milk was the most common. Six bacterial species from the fecal microbiome were identified, that, when combined, distinguished between children with and without food allergy: Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Akkermansia muciniphila (AUC 0.83, sensitivity 0.77, specificity 0.80). Conclusions: In this pilot study, we identified a microbial signature in children with AD that discriminates between the absence and presence of food allergy. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings.

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“…Food allergy is one of the most common allergies in infants and children, the prevalence rate of which is increased with time for foods including cow milk protein (1). The prevalence of cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) has been reported to be increased from 1.6% to 3.5% over a decade (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fecal Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Lactic Acid Concentrations in 5 - 8-Year-Old Children with Cow Milk Protein Allergy

Dong

Peng

Han³

et al. 2018

Iran J Pediatr

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Background: Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) has been reported to be associated with the alterations of gut microbiota. However, changes in the fecal microbial community for children aged 5 -8 years with CMPA have not been clearly elucidated. Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the differences and relationship between fecal microbiota and levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactic acid in 5 -8-year-old children with CMPA, compared with the normal children. Methods: We enrolled 6 CMPA children and 8 healthy children from Harbin children's hospital (Heilongjiang, China). Total bacterial DNA of all fecal samples was extracted and prepared for bioinformatics analysis by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Lactic acids and SCFAs were measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Results: Compared with healthy individuals, the fecal microbial community of CMPA children showed a significant increment of Firmicutes and depletion of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05). At the class level, the number of Clostridia was observed to be significantly increased in the CMPA children's fecal microbiota. Meanwhile, the diversity of Ruminococcaceae and Subdoligranulum was higher in the fecal microbiome of CMPA children than in healthy children (P < 0.05). Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) revealed some significantly enriched taxa of CMPA children and control subjects. There are 40 and 5 enriched taxa in the fecal microbiota of children with CMPA and healthy children respectively. The concentration of total SCFAs was lower in feces of CMPA children than in healthy children. Lactic acid had a significantly negative correlation with the abundance of Bacteroides. Conclusions: Alterations in the composition of fecal microbiota and SCFAs in the 5 -8-year-old children with CMPA may reduce immune function and potentially promote this allergy.

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The role of the gut microbiota in food allergy

Cited by 77 publications

References 60 publications

The role of PKCζ in cord blood T-cell maturation towards Th1 cytokine profile and its epigenetic regulation by fish oil

The role of PKCζ in cord blood T-cell maturation towards Th1 cytokine profile and its epigenetic regulation by fish oil

Fecal Microbiome and Food Allergy in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Characterization of Fecal Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Lactic Acid Concentrations in 5 - 8-Year-Old Children with Cow Milk Protein Allergy

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