Characterization of Fecal Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Lactic Acid Concentrations in 5 - 8-Year-Old Children with Cow Milk Protein Allergy

Abstract

Background: Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) has been reported to be associated with the alterations of gut microbiota. However, changes in the fecal microbial community for children aged 5 -8 years with CMPA have not been clearly elucidated. Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the differences and relationship between fecal microbiota and levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactic acid in 5 -8-year-old children with CMPA, compared with the normal children. Methods: We enrolled 6 CMPA children and 8 healthy children from Harbin children's hospital (Heilongjiang, China). Total bacterial DNA of all fecal samples was extracted and prepared for bioinformatics analysis by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Lactic acids and SCFAs were measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Results: Compared with healthy individuals, the fecal microbial community of CMPA children showed a significant increment of Firmicutes and depletion of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05). At the class level, the number of Clostridia was observed to be significantly increased in the CMPA children's fecal microbiota. Meanwhile, the diversity of Ruminococcaceae and Subdoligranulum was higher in the fecal microbiome of CMPA children than in healthy children (P < 0.05). Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) revealed some significantly enriched taxa of CMPA children and control subjects. There are 40 and 5 enriched taxa in the fecal microbiota of children with CMPA and healthy children respectively. The concentration of total SCFAs was lower in feces of CMPA children than in healthy children. Lactic acid had a significantly negative correlation with the abundance of Bacteroides. Conclusions: Alterations in the composition of fecal microbiota and SCFAs in the 5 -8-year-old children with CMPA may reduce immune function and potentially promote this allergy.

Metabolomic Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…Previous reports demonstrated a lower proportion of Ruminococcaceae in the patients with NASH compared to healthy subjects (48). Christensenellaceae, another family associated to low BMI in humans were positively correlated with total SCFAs (49). Decreased levels of SCFAs might be because of significantly higher BMI in the patients with NAFLD than the control group.…”

Cow's milk αS1-casein is more sensitizing than goat's milk αS1-casein in a mouse model

“…A previous study found that Ruminococcaceae was higher in the fecal microbiome of CMPA children than in healthy children. 48 Another study found that the intestinal microbial community structure of infants with CMA was diverse, mainly in the families of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. 47 They also reported that Oscillospiraceae was significantly different between infants that became tolerant and those that remained allergic.…”

Spatial Memory and Gut Microbiota Alterations Are Already Present in Early Adulthood in a Pre-clinical Transgenic Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Furthermore, the results of the LEfSe analysis in female and male 3xTg-AD mice at 3 and 5 months old in fecal samples, show bacteria with a statistically significant change in LDA scores such as Xanthomonadaceae , Oxalobacteraceae , Streptomycetaceae , Koribacteraceae , and Streptomycetaceae families, Gemella , Dehalobacterium , Clostridium , Allobaculum , Selenomonas , Veillonella , Lactococcus , Desulfovibrio , Bradyrhizobium , Campylobacter , Erythrobacter , Neisseria , Flexispira , Microbacterium , Collinsella , Atopobium , Pedobacter , and the S1 genera. These microorganisms have been associated with both pre-clinical models and patients who present AD mainly; however, other bacteria are related to aging, cognitive decline, cerebral damage, and inflammatory response in mice and humans ( Thomas et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Bonfili et al, 2017 ; Harach et al, 2017 ; Morris et al, 2017 ; Vogt et al, 2017 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ; Aguayo et al, 2018 ; Alonso et al, 2018 ; Antonets et al, 2018 ; Bäuerl et al, 2018 ; Dong et al, 2018 ; Zhuang et al, 2018 ; Haran et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2019 ; Zhan et al, 2019 ; Beydoun et al, 2020 ; Na et al, 2020 ; Westfall et al, 2020 ). These results suggest that bacteria families and genera are representative microorganisms of gut microbiota of disease that could be considered a useful tool for diagnostic as well as a progression biomarker of AD.…”