Prolonged Detection of Zika Virus in Vaginal Secretions and Whole Blood

Murray, Kristy O.; Gorchakov, Rodion; Carlson, Anna R; Berry, Rebecca; Lai, Lilin; Natrajan, Muktha S.; Garcia, Melissa N.; Correa, Armando G.; Patel, Shital M.; Aagaard, Kjersti M.; Mulligan, Mark J.

doi:10.3201/eid2301.161394

Cited by 180 publications

(171 citation statements)

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“…In addition to acute infection, persistent infections have been reported for ZIKV, as well as other flaviviruses [64][65][66]. Prolonged excretion of ZIKV in sperm and urine has also been reported [67,68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Existing drugs as broad-spectrum and potent inhibitors for Zika virus by targeting NS2B-NS3 interaction

et al. 2017

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Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) highlight an urgent need for therapeutics.The protease complex NS2B-NS3 plays essential roles during flaviviral polyprotein processing, and thus represents an attractive drug target. Here, we developed a split luciferase complementation-based high-throughput screening assay to identify orthosteric inhibitors that directly target flavivirus NS2B-NS3 interactions. By screening a total of 2 816 approved and investigational drugs, we identified three potent candidates, temoporfin, niclosamide, and nitazoxanide, as flavivirus NS2B-NS3 interaction inhibitors with nanomolar potencies. Significantly, the most potent compound, temoporfin, not only inhibited ZIKV replication in human placental and neural progenitor cells, but also prevented ZIKV-induced viremia and mortality in mouse models. Structural docking suggests that temoporfin potentially binds NS3 pockets that hold critical NS2B residues, thus inhibiting flaviviral polyprotein processing in a non-competitive manner. As these drugs have already been approved for clinical use in other indications either in the USA or other countries, they represent promising and easily developed therapies for the management of infections by ZIKV and other flaviviruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Existing drugs as broad-spectrum and potent inhibitors for Zika virus by targeting NS2B-NS3 interaction

et al. 2017

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“…The Zika virus was reportedly detected in vaginal fluid 14 days after the development of infection, which is currently the longest known period. 51 In response to these reports, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention designated a period during which men and women who traveled to endemic areas should avoid sexual contact after the travel (or to wear a condom when having sexual intercourse; Table 3). 52 …”

Section: Infection Through Sexual Contactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus infection: Clinical overview with a summary of Japanese cases

Kutsuna

2017

Clinical & Exp Neuroim

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Zika virus infection is a mosquito-borne infection caused by the Zika virus, a member of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. The infection is transmitted to humans mainly by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Sexual contact has also been reported to cause infection. It can be diagnosed based on the detection of the virus from blood or urine samples, detection of the viral genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, positive conversion of immunoglobulin M or neutralizing antibodies, or a significant increase in antibody titer in paired sera. No effective antiviral drugs or vaccines are currently available. On rare occasions, individuals infected with the Zika virus subsequently develop Guillain-Barr e syndrome. In addition, pregnant women infected with the Zika virus can have an increased risk of fetal microcephaly, which has been recognized as a social problem. Finally, I summarized Zika virus infection in Japan as of June 2017.

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“…During the outbreak in the French Polynesia, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) positivity for ZIKV was found in 3% of the sera of blood donations [3]. Additionally, the virus can persist in vaginal secretions and semen for up to 115 days [17,[24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incubation period of ZIKV infection is 3-12 days [2,26,43]. ZIKV infection usually results in a mild and self-limiting disease [26].…”

Section: Clinical Features and Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Alert: Zika Virus-an Emerging Arbovirus

Özkurt¹,

Tanrıverdi²

2017

Eurasian J Med

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Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus of the Flavivirus genus, and it has an envelope and a single RNA molecule. In early 2016, the World Health Organization declared ZIKV infection to be an emerging global health threat. The major transmission route of the virus to humans is Aedes mosquitoes. ZIKV can be transmitted between humans by transplacental, perinatal, and sexual routes and via blood and body fluids. ZIKV infection usually results in a mild and self-limiting disease with low-grade fever, conjunctivitis, and periorbital edema. Neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningoencephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, acute myelitis, and transverse myelitis have been reported during ZIKV infection. Intrauterine and congenital ZIKV infections have strong teratogenic effects on the fetus. Intrauterine or congenital ZIKV infection can lead to microcephaly, ocular anomalies (such as macular atrophy, pigment mottling, and optic nerve anomalies), and cardiac anomalies (such as atrial or ventricular septal defect). Calcification in the brain between the cortical and subcortical areas, ventriculomegaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, corpus callosum hypoplasia, cortical/subcortical atrophy, delayed myelination, enlarged cisterna magna, and craniofacial disproportion have been reported as brain development defects. ZIKV infection usually results in a mild disease, and it does not require specific therapy. However, complications of infection during the early period of life are serious. Thus, many drugs have been investigated, and vaccine development studies have been conducted to prevent ZIKV infection. Vector control and personal protection from mosquito-borne transmission are important for decreasing the prevalence of ZIKV infection. In particular, pregnant residents or travelers to endemic areas should be carefully protected against mosquito-borne transmission.Keywords: Zika virus, Flavivirus, microcephaly, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, aedes, arbovirus ÖZ Zika virus (ZIKV), Flavivirus ailesinden sivrisineklerle bulaşan zarflı ve tek sarmallı RNA'ya sahip bir arbovirusdur. 2016 yılı başında Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) ZIKV enfeksiyonunun giderek önemi artan bir küresel tehdit olduğunu açıklamıştır. Virusun insanlara esas geçiş yolu Aedes tipi sivrisineklerin ısırmasıdır. İnsanlar arasında transplasental, perinatal, cinsel yolla, ayrıca kan ve vücut sıvıları aracılığı ile bulaşır. ZIKV enfeksiyonu genellikle hafif ve kendini sınırlandıran hastalık olup, düşük derecede ateş, konjuktivit ve periorbital ödem ile seyreder. ZIKV enfeksiyonu esnasında Guillain-Barre sendromu, meningoensefalit, akut dissemine ensefalomyelit (ADEM), akut myelit, transvers myelit gibi nörolojik komplikasyonlar rapor edilmiştir. Intrauterin ve konjenital ZIKV enfeksiyonu fetus üzerinde ağır teratojenik etkiye sahiptir. İntrauterin enfeksiyon mikrosefali, oküler anomaliler (maküler atrofi, pigment beneklenmesi ve optik sinir anomalileri gibi) ve kardiyak anomalilere (atrial veya ventriküler septal defekt gibi) yol açabilir. ...

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Prolonged Detection of Zika Virus in Vaginal Secretions and Whole Blood

Cited by 180 publications

References 14 publications

Existing drugs as broad-spectrum and potent inhibitors for Zika virus by targeting NS2B-NS3 interaction

Existing drugs as broad-spectrum and potent inhibitors for Zika virus by targeting NS2B-NS3 interaction

Zika virus infection: Clinical overview with a summary of Japanese cases

Global Alert: Zika Virus-an Emerging Arbovirus

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