Zika virus infection: Clinical overview with a summary of Japanese cases

Kutsuna, Satoshi

doi:10.1111/cen3.12408

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Transmission from mother to fetus also occurs and leads to the occurrence of microcephaly in newborns [ 22 ]. Although most individuals infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic, approximately 20% experience symptoms such as fever, headache, posterior orbital pain, conjunctival hyperemia, rash, arthralgia, or myalgia after the 2- to 7-day incubation period [ 18 , 23 ].…”

Section: Zika Virus and Gbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Infection, Vaccination, and Guillain–Barré Syndrome: A Review

2021

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Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system that typically develops within 4 weeks after infection. In addition to conventional infectious diseases with which we are familiar, emerging infectious diseases, such as Zika virus infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have also been suggested to be associated with GBS. GBS is mainly categorized into a demyelinating subtype known as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and an axonal subtype known as acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). Most patients who develop GBS after Zika virus infection or COVID-19 have AIDP. The concept of molecular mimicry between pathogens and human peripheral nerve components was established through studies of AMAN with anti-ganglioside GM1 antibodies occurring after Campylobacter jejuni infection. Although such mimicry between specific pathogens and myelin or Schwann cell components has not been clearly demonstrated in AIDP, a similarity of Zika virus and SARS-CoV-2 proteins to human proteins has been suggested. With the development of global commerce and travel, emerging infectious diseases will continue to threaten public health. From this viewpoint, the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs is important to prepare for and control emerging infectious diseases. Although a decrease in the number of patients after the 2015–2016 Zika epidemic increased the difficulty in conducting phase 3 trials for Zika virus vaccines, the efficacy and safety of new vaccines have recently been demonstrated for COVID-19. In general, vaccines can decrease the risk of infectious disease by stimulating the immune system, and discussions regarding an increased risk of autoimmune disorders, such as GBS, have been ongoing for many years. However, the risk of GBS is not considered a legitimate reason to limit the administration of currently available vaccines, as only a trivial association or no association with GBS has been demonstrated.

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Section: Zika Virus and Gbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Infection, Vaccination, and Guillain–Barré Syndrome: A Review

2021

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“…This method was adapted from Dengue Virus IgM Capture DxSelect (Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, CA, USA) [34] by replacing DENV antigen with ZIKV antigen. The modified in-house ZIKV IgM ELISA has been utilized in other studies [25,32,35,36]. Samples were first diluted 1:100 using sample diluent solution.…”

Section: In-house Zika Virus Immunoglobulin M Enzyme-linked Immunosormentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Zika virus neutralizing antibodies in healthy adults in Vietnam during and after the Zika virus epidemic season: a longitudinal population-based survey

Nguyen

Moi

et al. 2020

BMC Infect Dis

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Background: Between 2016 and 2019, 265 cases of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection were reported in Vietnam, predominantly in southern Vietnam. In 2016, a case of ZIKV-associated microcephaly was confirmed in the Central Highlands, and several members of the infant's family were confirmed to be infected with ZIKV. The study aims to determine the level of immunity to ZIKV in the general population of the ZIKV epidemic region. Methods: A total of 879 serum samples were collected from 801 participants between January 2017 and July 2018, during and after the ZIKV epidemic in Vietnam. The samples were tested for anti-ZIKV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), and anti-dengue virus (DENV) IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for ZIKV was performed on all samples, and for DENV on the samples that ZIKV neutralizing antibody positive. Results: A total of 83 (10.3%) participants had anti-ZIKV IgM. Of the 83, 6 were confirmed to be ZIKV antibodies positive using PRNT and anti-ZIKV IgG ELISA. Of the 718 participants who were anti-ZIKV IgM negative, a further 3 cases were confirmed as positive for antibodies against ZIKV. Of the 9 participants with ZIKV infection, 5 lived in the same village as the infant with ZIKV-associated microcephaly and the other 4 lived in 2 neighboring communes. Repeat samples were collected from the 83 ZIKV IgM positive participants 1.5 years after the first collection. No new cases of ZIKV infection were detected. In addition, 2 of 3 participants with anti-ZIKV NS1 IgG demonstrated a 4-to 8-fold increase in ZIKV neutralizing antibody titer.

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“…For example, as reviewed by Dr. Kutsuna (1), Zika virus infection has been associated with two neurological complications: microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Microcephaly can be caused by the direct microbial infection (viral replication) in the brain (viral pathology), while GBS is antibody-mediated immunopathology (Note.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lymphatic system and gut microbiota affect immunopathology of neuroinflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica and Alzheimer's disease

Tsunoda

2017

Clinical & Exp Neuroim

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Microbial infections lead to neurological damages either by direct infection in the nervous tissues or by uncontrolled immune responses (immunopathology). For example, in Zika virus infection, microcephaly can be caused by the former, i.e., direct viral infection in the brain, while Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) seems to be antibody-mediated immunopathology. Although a variety of factors affect immunopathology, two essential systems maintaining whole-body homeostasis had long been neglected: 1) the lymphatic system and 2) microbiota. Only recently, the role of the lymphatic system in immunopathology is beginning to be clarified. During infection, increased lymphatic flow limits edema and prevent tissue dendritic cell retention, while lymphostasis can lead to chronic inflammation. The role of gut microbiota, particularly bacterial community, in immunopathology has also been clarified recently; “bad bacteria” are proposed to exacerbate any immunopathology. For example, Helicobacter pylori is associated with not only gastritis but also extra-intestinal diseases, including neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and Alzheimer’s disease. However, H. pylori and another bad bacterium Clostridium perfringens type A have been proposed to be protective against multiple sclerosis (MS). The above discrepancy on the roles of microbiota can be attributed to several conflicting factors, such as oversimplification, methodology, and taxonomy, which are summarized as “10 pitfalls of microbiota studies.”

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Zika virus infection: Clinical overview with a summary of Japanese cases

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Emerging Infection, Vaccination, and Guillain–Barré Syndrome: A Review

Emerging Infection, Vaccination, and Guillain–Barré Syndrome: A Review

Prevalence of Zika virus neutralizing antibodies in healthy adults in Vietnam during and after the Zika virus epidemic season: a longitudinal population-based survey

Lymphatic system and gut microbiota affect immunopathology of neuroinflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica and Alzheimer's disease

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