Factors influencing the infant gut microbiome at age 3-6 months: Findings from the ethnically diverse Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART)

Abstract

Background-The gut microbiome in infancy influences immune system maturation, and may have an important impact allergic disease risk.

The Role of Vitamin D in the Immune System as a Pro-survival Molecule

“…162 The composition of the gut microbiome in infants is particularly influenced by factors such as geographical origin, mode of delivery from mothers, levels of vitamin D in cord blood, and also mother's diet while breast-feeding; thus, the effect of vitamin D on immunity cannot be clearly predicted. 163 At the gut level, the nutritionally correct balance of vitamins A and D is fundamental for local immunology, particularly to prevent the functional impairment of innate lymphoid cells that might increase allergic inflammation. 164 Food allergy, as a risk factor from diet or environmental issues associated with pediatrics, is still a matter of debate.…”

The Role of Epidermal Barrier Impairments in Atopic Dermatitis: Modern Concepts of Disease Pathogenesis

“…Обильное обсеменение различными видами лактобактерий представляет собой аллергопро-тективный фактор, в то время как изобилие клостри-дий ассоциируется с атопическими заболеваниями [13]. Стоит отметить, что метод вскармливания ребенка также влияет на риск возникновения атопических заболеваний у ребенка: так, при грудном вскармливании у младенцев в микробиоме кишечника обнаружен высокий уровень бифидобактерий и низкий уровень клостридий [14].…”

Primary Prevention of Allergic Diseases: Dreams or Reality?

“…Unlike probiotics, most prebiotics are used as dietary supplements; in biscuits, porridges, chocolate, pasty and dairy products. Prebiotics include oligosaccharides of breast milk and oligosaccharides that are derived from other sources [79][80][81]. Technologically, oligosaccharides are obtained from natural sources: they can be synthesized from monomers or obtained by hydrolysis of polymers.…”