Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Proiti, Maria; Andreano, Anita; Schiaffino, Simone; Turtulici, Giovanni; Laeseke, P.; Meloni, Maria Franca

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1554658

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare type of thyroid tumor accounting for approximately 2-5% of all thyroid malignancies and is associated with a high mortality rate [94]. The estimated incidence is around 1-2 cases per million in a year and the peak incidence is between the sixth and seventh decades of life [96]. Histological variants of ATC include giant-cell, spindle-cell and squamoid-cell tumors.…”

Section: Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (Atc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histological variants of ATC include giant-cell, spindle-cell and squamoid-cell tumors. Up to 20-30% of cases morphologically show areas of necrosis and hemorrhage [96].…”

Section: Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (Atc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for CEUS, a bolus of 4.8 mL of CA was used, the lesion showed an overall markedly reduced vascularity. Quantitative analysis of CEUS parameters was performed, average TTP index was 2 and average peak index was 3.4 [96]. Guisti et al reported that a peak index of less than 1 and TTP index greater than 1 are characteristic of malignancy [49].…”

Section: Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (Atc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Thyroid Nodules: Review of Current State and Future Perspectives

Radziņa

Ratniece

Putriņš

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Ultrasound has been established as a baseline imaging technique for thyroid nodules. The main advantage of adding CEUS is the ability to assess the sequence and intensity of vascular perfusion and hemodynamics in the thyroid nodule, thus providing real-time characterization of nodule features, considered a valuable new approach in the determination of benign vs. malignant nodules. Original studies, reviews and six meta-analyses were included in this article. A total of 624 studies were retrieved, and 107 were included in the study. As recognized for thyroid nodule malignancy risk stratification by US, for acceptable accuracy in malignancy a combination of several CEUS parameters should be applied: hypo-enhancement, heterogeneous, peripheral irregular enhancement in combination with internal enhancement patterns, and slow wash-in and wash-out curve lower than in normal thyroid tissue. In contrast, homogeneous, intense enhancement with smooth rim enhancement and “fast-in and slow-out” are indicative of the benignity of the thyroid nodule. Even though overlapping features require standardization, with further research, CEUS may achieve reliable performance in detecting or excluding thyroid cancer. It can also play an operative role in guiding ablation procedures of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and metastatic lymph nodes, and providing accurate follow-up imaging to assess treatment efficacy.

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Section: Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (Atc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histological variants of ATC include giant-cell, spindle-cell and squamoid-cell tumors. Up to 20-30% of cases morphologically show areas of necrosis and hemorrhage [96].…”

Section: Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (Atc)mentioning

confidence: 99%