The epidemiology of PTSD and depression in refugee minors who have resettled in developed countries

Reavell, James; Fazil, Qulsom

doi:10.1080/09638237.2016.1222065

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…However, refugees are a more vulnerable group of migrants, with prevalence rates of mental disorders twice as high as those identified among labor migrants ( 7 ). There are correlations between the compromised mental health of refugees and increased exposure to violence ( 8 ). As Zipfel et al ( 9 ) have described, 10–40% of refugees suffer from mental disorders after experiencing serious traumatic events in their country of origin ( 10 , 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post-migration stress: Refugees may face complex asylum-seeking processes, language barriers, poor socioeconomic conditions (i.e., unemployment) and acculturation issues ( 13 – 16 ). Above all other mental disorders, high incidences of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were found among refugees ( 8 ). PTSD is a mental disorder that can occur after an individual has experienced or witnessed traumatic events such as natural disasters, serious accidents, terrorist acts, war/combat, rape, or other violent personal assaults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological Burden in Female, Iraqi Refugees Who Suffered Extreme Violence by the “Islamic State”: The Perspective of Care Providers

Sount¹,

Denkinger²,

Windthorst³

et al. 2018

Front. Psychiatry

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Introduction: A large number of refugees suffer from mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the context of a special quota project, 1100 Yazidi women from Northern Iraq who had suffered extreme violence by the so-called Islamic State (IS) were brought to Germany to receive specialized treatment. This study aims to investigate the psychological burden and trauma-related symptoms of these female IS-victims from the perspectives of their care providers.Material and methods: Care providers with various professional backgrounds (N = 96) were asked to complete a self-developed questionnaire on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (very low) to 7 (very high) analyzing the psychological burden and trauma-related symptoms of the IS-traumatized women since their arrival in Germany. We controlled for potential confounders, namely the care providers' personal experiences of trauma and flight, by using chi-square tests.Results: The mean psychological burden for the whole period in Germany as perceived by care providers was M = 5.51 (SD = 0.94). As the main factors of distress the care providers reported: worries about family members in Iraq (M = 6.69; SD = 0.69), worries about relatives' possibilities to be granted asylum in Germany (M = 6.62; SD = 0.68), and uncertainties regarding their future (M = 5.89; SD = 1.02). The most prominent trauma-related psychological symptoms were nightmares (M = 6.43; SD = 0.54). The care providers reported that somatic complaints have been present among the refugees in the following manifestation: pain (M = 6.24; SD = 1.08), gastrointestinal complaints (M = 4.62; SD = 1.62), and dizziness (M = 4.40; SD = 1.59). The care providers' personal experiences of trauma and flight had no significant influence on their response behavior.Discussion: Care providers working with IS-traumatized female refugees evaluate the psychological burden and trauma-related somatic and psychological symptom loads of their clients as very high. The results of this study provide important information about the perceptions of care providers working in a refugee-services context and may provide insights for the progression of specialized treatment programs and interventions for highly traumatized refugees and culture-sensitive training programs for their care providers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Burden in Female, Iraqi Refugees Who Suffered Extreme Violence by the “Islamic State”: The Perspective of Care Providers

Sount¹,

Denkinger²,

Windthorst³

et al. 2018

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Although many of the measurement instruments are not well validated in refugee populations, standard measures are important for gathering replicable evidence. In our study we used the measurement instruments most commonly used in the relevant literature for comparative purposes, including PTSD measures, R-ACE, ACE and the SDQ 22 33 40–42…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asylum seeking children and adolescents in Australian immigration detention on Nauru: a longitudinal cohort study

Zwi

Sealy

Samir

et al. 2020

bmjpo

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IntroductionImmigration detention has a profound and negative impact on the physical health, mental health, development and social-emotional well-being of children, adolescents and their families. Australian clinicians will report results from detailed health and well-being assessments of asylum seeking children and adolescents who have experienced prolonged immigration detention.Methods and analysisThis is a national, multicentre study with a longitudinal cohort design that will document health and well-being outcomes of the children and adolescents who have been detained in offshore detention on the remote island of Nauru. Outcome measures will be reported from the time arrival in Australia and repeated over a 5-year follow-up period. Measures include demographics, residency history and refugee status, physical health and well-being outcomes (including mental health, development and social-emotional well-being), clinical service utilisation and psychosocial risk and protective factors for health and well-being (eg, adverse childhood experiences). Longitudinal follow-up will capture outcomes over a 5-year period after arrival in Australia. Analysis will be undertaken to explore baseline risk and protective factors, with regression analyses to assess their impact on health and well-being outcomes. To understand how children’s outcomes change over time, multilevel regression analysis will be utilised. Structural equation modelling will be conducted to explore the correlation between baseline factors, mediational factors and outcomes to assess trajectories over time.Ethics and disseminationThis research project was approved by the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network Human Research Ethics Committee. Subsequent site-specific approvals have been approved in 5 of the 11 governing bodies where the clinical consultations took place. In order to ensure this research is relevant and sensitive to the needs of the cohort, our research team includes an asylum seeker who has spent time in Australian immigration detention. Results will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed Medline-indexed journals.

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“…Once again methodological differences in the studies examined make it difficult to generalise from existing studies, particularly around the difficulty in diagnosing PTSD in children and differences in how symptoms may be understood and presented. 39 Although mental health issues place children at risk of poorer educational outcomes, generally their mental health symptoms do not get worse. Students referred with PTSD have been shown to have scholastic skill disorders or speech and language developmental disorders.…”

Section: Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Associations have been shown between referral for educational needs and mental health issues such as PTSD and depression. 40,41 Once again, we do not have any prevalence information about mental health issues and emotional wellbeing of young asylum seekers and refugees in NI. No research has been undertaken and monitoring data is not routinely collected relating to this.…”

Section: Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study of Determining Prevalence of Common Mental Health Disorders in Male Immigration Detainees

Howells¹,

Sen²

2020

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The epidemiology of PTSD and depression in refugee minors who have resettled in developed countries

Cited by 76 publications

References 45 publications

Psychological Burden in Female, Iraqi Refugees Who Suffered Extreme Violence by the “Islamic State”: The Perspective of Care Providers

Psychological Burden in Female, Iraqi Refugees Who Suffered Extreme Violence by the “Islamic State”: The Perspective of Care Providers

Asylum seeking children and adolescents in Australian immigration detention on Nauru: a longitudinal cohort study

Feasibility Study of Determining Prevalence of Common Mental Health Disorders in Male Immigration Detainees

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