Immunogenicity and Safety of an AS03-Adjuvanted H7N9 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine in a Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults

Madan, Anuradha; Segall, Nathan; Ferguson, Murdo; Frenette, Louise; Kroll, Robin; Friel, Damien; Soni, Jyoti; Li, Ping; Innis, Bruce L.; Schuind, Anne

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw414

Cited by 39 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, only a few have been investigated in clinical trials in human volunteers [16]. Some H7N9 vaccines composed of viral-like particles, subunits, and split-virions have been evaluated in adults [28-33]. Further work should be done to obtain licenses for these vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effects of the A/ZJU01/ PR8/2013 Split H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccine Against Highly Pathogenic H7N9 in BALB/c Mice

Deng

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Since the first case of novel H7N9 infection was reported, China has experienced five epidemics of H7N9. During the fifth wave, a highly pathogenic H7N9 strain emerged. In order to assess whether the H7N9 vaccine based on A/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013(H7N9) was effective in protecting against highly pathogenic H7N9, we conducted this study. Methods: Groups of mice were immunized twice by intraperitoneal injection with 500 µl of either split vaccine alone or MF59-adjuvanted vaccine. Serum was collected 2 weeks after the second vaccine booster. The hemagglutinin inhibition test was conducted on vaccine seed and highly pathogenic H7N9 to evaluate the neutralization of highly pathogenic H7N9. We also immunized mice and challenged them with highly pathogenic H7N9. Mice were observed for illness, weight loss, and death at 1 week and 2 weeks post-infection. Then, the mice were sacrificed and lungs were removed. Antibody responses were assessed and pathological changes in the lung tissue were evaluated. Results: The ability of serum to neutralize highly pathogenic H7N9 was reduced. In mice, highly pathogenic H7N9 was more virulent than A/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013(H7N9). After challenge with highly pathogenic H7N9, all mice died while mice challenged with A/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013(H7N9) all recovered. The A/ZJU01/PR8/2013 split H7N9 avian influenza vaccine was able to protect against infection with highly pathogenic H7N9 in mice, with or without MF59. Moreover, H7N9 vaccine adjuvanted with MF59 produced high antibody levels, which lead to better protection. Conclusions: The A/ZJU01/PR8/2013 split H7N9 avian influenza vaccine based on A/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013(H7N9) is effective in protecting against highly pathogenic H7N9. H7N9 vaccine adjuvanted with MF59 offers better protection against infection with highly pathogenic H7N9. In order to make the H7N9 vaccine applicable to humans, further clinical trials are required to evaluate MF59 adjuvanted vaccine. Meanwhile, the vaccine strain should be updated based on the highly pathogenic H7N9 gene sequence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effects of the A/ZJU01/ PR8/2013 Split H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccine Against Highly Pathogenic H7N9 in BALB/c Mice

Deng

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…While there is no evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission to date, this virus has properties that suggest that it could easily become adapted to replication in humans. Candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) of A(H7N9) have been generated and tested for safety and immunogenicity (4)(5)(6) and could be authorized for use if needed. The most recent outbreak of A(H7N9) infection, i.e., the fifth epidemic wave, has increased the concern regarding the potential pandemic threat of this virus because the incidence rate has increased, A(H7N9) strains with hemagglutinins (HAs) that are antigenically distinct from the tested CVVs have emerged, and highly pathogenic strains have been isolated (7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Efficacy of N9 Neuraminidase-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies against Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Infection

Wan

Gao

et al. 2018

J Virol

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The fifth wave of A(H7N9) virus infection in China from 2016 to 2017 caused great concern due to the large number of individuals infected, the isolation of drug-resistant viruses, and the emergence of highly pathogenic strains. Antibodies against neuraminidase (NA) provide added benefit to hemagglutinin-specific immunity and may be important contributors to the effectiveness of A(H7N9) vaccines. We generated a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to identify antigenic domains on NA of the novel A(H7N9) virus and compared their functional properties. The loop formed in the region of residue 250 (250 loop) and the domain formed by the loops containing residues 370, 400, and 430 were identified as major antigenic regions. MAbs 1E8, 2F6, 10F4, and 11B2, which recognize these two antigenic domains, were characterized in depth. These four MAbs differ in their abilities to inhibit cleavage of small and large substrates (methyl-umbelliferylacetyl neuraminic acid [MU-NANA] and fetuin, respectively) in NA inhibition assays. 1E8 and 11B2 did not inhibit NA cleavage of either MU-NANA or fetuin, and 2F6 inhibited cleavage of fetuin alone, whereas 10F4 inhibited cleavage of both substrates. All four MAbs reduced the in vitro spread of viruses carrying either the wild-type N9 or N9 with antiviral-resistant mutations but to different degrees. These MAbs have different in vivo levels of effectiveness: 10F4 was the most effective in protecting mice against challenge with A(H7N9) virus, 2F6 was less effective, and 11B2 failed to protect BALB/c mice at the doses tested. Our study confirms that NA-specific antibodies can protect against A(H7N9) infection and suggests that in vitro properties can be used to rank antibodies with therapeutic potential. IMPORTANCEThe novel A(H7N9) viruses that emerged in China in 2013 continue to infect humans, with a high fatality rate. The most recent outbreak resulted in a larger number of human cases than previous epidemic waves. Due to the absence of a licensed vaccine and the emergence of drug-resistant viruses, there is a need to develop alternative approaches to prevent or treat A(H7N9) infection. We have made a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for neuraminidase (NA) of A(H7N9) viruses; some of these MAbs are effective in inhibiting viruses that are resistant to antivirals used to treat A(H7N9) patients. Binding avidity, inhibition of NA activity, and plaque formation correlated with the effectiveness of these MAbs to protect mice against lethal A(H7N9) virus challenge. This study identifies in vitro measures that can be used to predict the in vivo efficacy of NA-specific antibodies, providing a way to select MAbs for further therapeutic development.

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“…The clinical trial was followed for 385 days. The results showed that 11.86 mg AS03A combined with 7.5 µg of vaccine had the best protective effect against H7N9 after immunization, and the titer of hemagglutination inhibitory antibodies reached 151.1 at 21 days after the two injections [75]. Thus, AS03 could significantly increase the antibody level in response to the H7N9 vaccine.…”

Section: Research Status Of H7n9 Vaccinementioning

confidence: 91%

Research progress on human infection with avian influenza H7N9

Xiao

2020

Front. Med.

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Since the first case of novel H7N9 infection was reported, China has experienced five epidemics of H7N9. During the fifth wave, a highly pathogenic H7N9 strain emerged. Meanwhile, the H7N9 virus continues to accumulate mutations, and its affinity for the human respiratory epithelial sialic acid 2-6 receptor has increased. Therefore, a pandemic is still possible. In the past 6 years, we have accumulated rich experience in dealing with H7N9, especially in terms of virus tracing, epidemiological research, key site mutation monitoring, critical disease mechanisms, clinical treatment, and vaccine development. In the research fields above, significant progress has been made to effectively control the spread of the epidemic and reduce the fatality rate. To fully document the research progress concerning H7N9, we reviewed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of H7N9, the key gene mutations of the virus, and H7N9 vaccine, thus providing a scientific basis for further monitoring and prevention of H7N9 influenza epidemics.

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Immunogenicity and Safety of an AS03-Adjuvanted H7N9 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine in a Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults

Cited by 39 publications

References 31 publications

The Protective Effects of the A/ZJU01/ PR8/2013 Split H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccine Against Highly Pathogenic H7N9 in BALB/c Mice

The Protective Effects of the A/ZJU01/ PR8/2013 Split H7N9 Avian Influenza Vaccine Against Highly Pathogenic H7N9 in BALB/c Mice

Comparison of the Efficacy of N9 Neuraminidase-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies against Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Infection

Research progress on human infection with avian influenza H7N9

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