Bacillus as a potential diagnostic marker for yellow tongue coating

Ye, Juan; Cai, Xueting; Yang, Jie; Sun, Xiaoyan; Hu, Chunping; Jun-quan, Xia; Shen, Jianping; Su, Kelei; Yan, Huaijiang; Xu, Yuehua; Zhang, Yiyan; Zhang, Sujie; Yang, Liu; Zhi, Hao; Gao, Sizhi Paul; Yu, Qiang; JingQing, Hu; Cao, Peng

doi:10.1038/srep32496

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Tongue coating constitutes a large surface area for microbes shedding and cellular desquamation 21 . Despite the amount of community drift, the composition of the abundant microbiota in tongue could reflect some personalized features and disease conditions of the body 22 - 24 . Oral microorganisms, especially on tongue coating, related with up-regulated cytokines and other inflammatory mediators that affect the complex metabolic pathways and may thus be involved in carcinogenesis 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue Coating Microbiota Community and Risk Effect on Gastric Cancer

Xiang

et al. 2018

J. Cancer

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Background: Although oral hygiene and health have long been reported to be associated with increased risk of gastric cancer (GC), the direct relationship of oral microbes with the risk of GC have not been evaluated fully. We aimed to test whether tongue coating microbiome was associated with GC risk.Methods: Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene of tongue coating microbiome was used in 57 newly diagnosed gastric adenocarcinomas and 80 healthy controls. Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) was applied for multiple comparison correction. Co-abundance group (CAGs) analysis was adopted.Results: We found that higher relative abundance of Firmicutes, and lower of Bacteroidetes were associated with increased risk of GC. In genus level, Streptococcus trended with a higher risk of GC, the four other genera (Neisseria, Prevotella, Prevotella7, and Porphyromonas) were found to have a decreased risk of GC. Different from overall GC and non-cardia cancer, Alloprevotella and Veillonella trended with the higher risk of cardia cancer. Finally, we analyzed the microbiota by determining CAGs and six clusters were identified. Except the Cluster 2 (mainly Streptococcus and Abiotrophia), the other clusters had an inverse association with GC. Of them, the Cluster 6 (mainly Prevotella and Prevotella7 etc) had a relatively good classification power with 0.76 of AUC.Conclusion: Microbiome in tongue coating may have potential guiding value for early detection and prevention of GC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue Coating Microbiota Community and Risk Effect on Gastric Cancer

Xiang

et al. 2018

J. Cancer

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“…Sun and colleagues confirmed that microbial components of tongue coating in chronic gastritis patients were different from those in normal controls based on 16S ribosomal RNA denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (Sun et al, 2013 ). Ye et al found that Bacillus was present only in the yellow tongue coating of chronic erosive gastritis patients by using Illumina Miseq sequencing of the V4–V5 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (Ye et al, 2016 ). Furthermore, for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), tongue appearance is a major indicator of physical status including that of the stomach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue coating microbiome as a potential biomarker for gastritis including precancerous cascade

Cui

Yang

et al. 2018

Protein Cell

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The development of gastritis is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Current invasive gastritis diagnostic methods are not suitable for monitoring progress. In this work based on 78 gastritis patients and 50 healthy individuals, we observed that the variation of tongue-coating microbiota was associated with the occurrence and development of gastritis. Twenty-one microbial species were identified for differentiating tongue-coating microbiomes of gastritis and healthy individuals. Pathways such as microbial metabolism in diverse environments, biosynthesis of antibiotics and bacterial chemotaxis were up-regulated in gastritis patients. The abundance of Campylobacter concisus was found associated with the gastric precancerous cascade. Furthermore, Campylobacter concisus could be detected in tongue coating and gastric fluid in a validation cohort containing 38 gastritis patients. These observations provided biological evidence of tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine, and indicated that tongue-coating microbiome could be a potential non-invasive biomarker, which might be suitable for long-term monitoring of gastritis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13238-018-0596-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In a previous clinical study, tongue coating microbiota associated with Cold/Hot syndromes were recognized in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and found to have potential as novel holistic biomarkers for characterizing patient subtypes (20). In another clinical trial, Bacillus was signi cantly observed only in chronic erosive gastritis (CEG) patients with a yellow tongue coating but not in healthy volunteers with a thin white tongue coating or CEG patients treated with a Ban Xia Xie Xin decoction (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Herbal Formula CBD Improves Sleep Quality Dependent on Oral Microbial Type and Tongue Diagnostic Features in Insomnia

Kim

Bose

Shin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Cheonwangbosim-dan (CBD) is a traditional Korean herb formula that has been widely prescribed for insomnia patients with a heart-yin deficiency (HYD) pattern. Several studies have recently reported that heart function and insomnia are interrelated, and others have explored associations between insomnia, oral microbiota, and tongue diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CBD on primary insomnia, tongue diagnosis, and oral microbiota. We conducted a prospective, open-label clinical trial on primary insomnia. At baseline, 56 patients with primary insomnia were assigned to two groups, a HYD group and a non-HYD (NHYD) group. Members of these groups took CBD for 6 weeks. Primary and secondary outcomes including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Indices (PSQIs), Insomnia Severity Indices (ISIs), actigraphy results, cardiac function, autonomic nerve function, clinical laboratory results, tongue features, and oral microbiota were collected from all subjects at after 0, 3, or 6 weeks of treatment. Additionally, PSQI and ISI were determined by telephone follow-up 10 weeks after study commencement.Results During the study, PSQIs and ISIs decreased significantly in both groups. However, the PSQI reduction observed in the HYD group was greater than in the NHYD group and sleep times as determined by actigraphy, that is, total bedtimes (TBTs) and total sleep times (TST), increased only in the HYD group. As sleep quality improved, the amount of tongue coating increased at the posterior tongue, where heart function appears. At baseline, the HYD and NHYD group had a specific oral microbiota (Veillonella at genus level), but no significant change was observed after taking CBD. Additionally, subjects were divided into two oral microbiota types (‘orotype’). The genera Prevotella, Veillonella or Neisseria were abundant in each orotype. The reduction in PSQI in the orotype 1 during the 6-week treatment period was greater than in orotype 2.Conclusions Taking together, CBD was effective in primary insomnia patients with a HYD pattern and CBD increased the amount of tongue coating. In addition, oral microbiota distributions were different in patients with a HYD or a NHYD pattern. The study shows CBD could be used to treat primary insomnia in patients with a HYD pattern as determined using tongue diagnosis and oral microbiota distributional patterns.

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Bacillus as a potential diagnostic marker for yellow tongue coating

Cited by 32 publications

References 38 publications

Tongue Coating Microbiota Community and Risk Effect on Gastric Cancer

Tongue Coating Microbiota Community and Risk Effect on Gastric Cancer

Tongue coating microbiome as a potential biomarker for gastritis including precancerous cascade

The Herbal Formula CBD Improves Sleep Quality Dependent on Oral Microbial Type and Tongue Diagnostic Features in Insomnia

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